The central city of the Limousin region in southwestern France. It is the capital of the Haute-Bienne department. It is located on the banks of the Bienne River. It has a population of 133,968 (1999). It is the administrative, commercial and cultural center, but since china clay was discovered nearby in the 18th century, it has become famous as a ceramics production area. Other industries such as machinery, shoes, textiles and paper are also developed. The town's history dates back to Roman times, when it was the capital of a Gallic tribe, the Lémovices. Christianity was brought to the town by Saint Martial in the 3rd century, and pilgrims on their way to the holy city of Santiago de Compostela in Spain stopped there. A monastery was established in the 9th century, and the town expanded around it. Enamel work developed in the 13th century, but the town was devastated by the religious wars in the 16th century, and enamel work declined. However, in the 18th century, prosperity was restored with the introduction of Chinese products and the production of ceramics. Some of the city's attractions include the Gothic Saint-Etienne Church (13th to 19th centuries), the Saint-Michel-des-Lions Church (14th to 15th centuries) with its 15th century stained glass, a 13th century bridge, and the Adrien Dubouche Museum, which focuses on ceramics. [Nobuyoshi Aoki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス南西部、リムーザン地方の中心都市。オート・ビエンヌ県の県都。ビエンヌ川の河畔に位置する。人口13万3968(1999)。行政、商業、文化の中心地であるが、18世紀に付近で陶土が発見され、以後陶磁器の産地として有名である。ほかに機械、靴、繊維、紙などの工業も発達している。町の歴史はローマ時代にさかのぼり、ガリアの一部族レモビケスLémovicesの首都であった。3世紀に聖マルシャルによってキリスト教がもたらされ、スペインの聖地サンティアゴ・デ・コンポステラへ向かう巡礼者が立ち寄った。9世紀に修道院ができ、町はその周囲にも拡大した。13世紀にエナメル細工が発達したが、16世紀に宗教戦争で町は荒廃し、エナメル細工は衰えた。しかし18世紀に中国製品の導入による陶磁器生産で繁栄を取り戻した。ゴシック様式の司教座教会サンテティエンヌ教会(13~19世紀)や、15世紀のステンドグラスがあるサン・ミシェル・デ・リオン教会(14~15世紀)、13世紀の橋、陶磁器を中心とするアドリアン・デュブシェ博物館などがある。 [青木伸好] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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