They are also called sand ripples or sand marks (lotus root marks). They are wavy patterns created on the surface of sediments by wind or the flow of water. Symmetrical ripple marks, where the lengths from the peak to the valleys on both sides of a ripple are equal, are created by a wave-like motion that moves periodically. In contrast, asymmetrical ripple marks are formed by a flow that moves in one direction. The difference in height from the peak to the valley of a ripple is called the wave height, and the length from valley to valley is called the wavelength. The series of ripple marks created by flowing water are not only simple with peaks running parallel to each other, but also come in a variety of shapes, from horseshoe-shaped to complex shapes that create crescent-shaped depressions. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
砂紋または痕(れんこん)などといわれることもある。風または水の流動によって堆積物の表面に作られるうねり模様のこと。一つのリップルの峰から両側の谷までの長さが等しい対称的なリップルマークは,周期的な動きをする波のようなもので作られる。それに対して非対称的なリップルマークは,一方向に向く流れによって形成される。なお,リップルの峰から谷までの高さの差を波高とよび,谷から谷までの長さを波長とよんでいる。 流水によって作られる一連のリップルマークは峰が平行に走る単純なものばかりでなく,馬蹄形を示すものや,半月形の凹地を作るような複雑な形態をとるものまで種々存在する。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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