In 1796, Destutt de Tracy first proposed the idea of ideology in his book "Mémoire sur la faculté de penser". Following E. Condillac's example, he based the whole of science on sensationalism and attempted to make the analysis of ideas the foundational science. His ideas included a fundamental revolution in the education system and dominated the moral and political science departments of the Academy, but they clashed with Napoleon's policies, who destroyed these departments during the reform of the Academy (1802-03) and despised them, calling them ideologues as useless dreamers. Other members of the school of ideology were P. Cabanis and C. Bornay, and M. Condorcet was also one of those around them. After being criticized by Marx, ideology changed to its present meaning of ideology. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1796年デステュット・ド・トラシーがその著"Mémoire sur la faculté de penser"のなかで初めて観念学 idéologieの構想を示した。それは E.コンディヤックを継いで全学を感覚論に基礎づけ,根底をなす学問として観念の分析をおこうとするものであった。その理念は教育制度の根本的革命を含み,学士院の道徳,政治学部門で優位に立ったが,ナポレオンの政策と衝突し,ナポレオンは学士院改革 (1802~03) の際この部門をつぶし,彼らを役に立たない夢想家としてイデオローグ idéologuesと呼んで蔑視した。観念学派にはほかに P.カバニス,C.ボルネーらがおり,M.コンドルセも彼らの周辺にいた一人である。その後マルクスの批判を経て,観念学は今日のイデオロギーの意味に変化していった。
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