Constitutional Movement (English spelling)

Japanese: 立憲運動 - りっけんうんどう（英語表記）Lì xiàn yùn dòng

A movement demanding the immediate transition of the Qing dynasty to a constitutional monarchy in China. After the failure of the Hundred Days Reform in 1898 (the 24th year of the Guangxu era), Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, who fled to other countries, continued to advocate constitutionalism and had a great influence on the Chinese people. Liang Qichao played a particularly large role. Within China, momentum for a transition to a constitutional system was also growing among local gentry such as Zhang Jian and enlightened bureaucrats. In an attempt to calm the revolutionary movement and appease the constitutionalists, the Qing dynasty sent a constitutional inspection team overseas in 1905, and declared preparations for a constitutional system the following year. In 1908, it issued the Outline of the Imperial Constitution, clarifying the principles of the Imperial Constitution, which provided for the great power of the emperor, and after a nine-year preparation period, declared the implementation of a constitutional system.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，清朝の立憲君主制への即時移行を要求する運動。1898年(光緒24)の戊戌（ぼじゆつ）変法の失敗後，海外に亡命した康有為，梁啓超は，ひき続き立憲論を鼓吹し，中国人に大きな影響を与えた。とくに梁啓超の役割が大きい。国内でも張謇（ちようけん）らの郷紳や開明官僚のあいだにも立憲制移行の気運が高まった。清朝は，革命運動の鎮静化，立憲派の懐柔を策して，1905年憲政視察団を海外に派遣，翌年立憲準備を宣言し，08年には〈欽定憲法大綱〉を発布して強大な皇帝大権を規定した〈欽定憲法〉の原則を明示し，9年間の準備期の後，立憲制実施を宣言した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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