It is a joint struggle against local power organizations such as employers' associations and prefectural and municipal authorities, in order to realize their own issues and common issues, led by local labor unions in cooperation with farmers, citizens, and small and medium-sized merchants and manufacturers. Local struggles were devised as a way to break through the situation in 1947 (Showa 22) when the 2/1 strike was banned by the occupying forces, making general strikes and nationwide unified struggles impossible. It was first decided on as a concrete tactic by the All Japan Post and Communications Union (Zentei), which is under the umbrella of the Industrial Federation Conference, at an extraordinary convention in Matsue in June of the same year, when it resolved to make two-pronged wage demands: "Establishment of a minimum wage system" and "Establishment of a local living wage." From 1948 to 1949, local struggles expanded nationwide, combining with industrial defense struggles against the Nine Principles of Economic Stability and the Dodge Line's corporate consolidation. However, the struggle gradually declined due to oppression by the occupying forces and government, radical street actions by labor union activists, and the emergence of the Democratic League (Mindo). Regarding the relationship between labor union movements and local struggles, as long as labor union struggles are carried out as national unified struggles or industry-specific struggles, the realization of demands based on local issues or joint struggles with other classes is not necessarily an issue. Therefore, if labor unions address issues related to local industries, working conditions, and people's lives based on workplace struggles, this will give breadth to the labor union movement and strengthen its fighting posture. The idea of local struggles has been inherited by the community-wide struggles carried out by Sohyo and other organizations since 1953. [Kenji Yoshida] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地域の労働組合が中心となり、農民、市民、中小商工業者と提携して、自らの課題と共通課題の実現のため、使用者団体や県・市町村当局など地方権力組織に対して行う共同闘争。地域闘争は、1947年(昭和22)占領軍により二・一ストが禁止され、ゼネストや全国的な統一闘争ができなくなったのを契機に、これを打開するために編み出されたものである。産別会議傘下の全逓信(ていしん)労組(全逓)が同年6月の臨時大会(松江)で「最低賃金制の確立」「地域的生活給の確立」という二本立て賃金要求を決議し、その具体的戦術として決めたのが最初である。地域闘争は、48年から49年にかけて経済安定九原則、ドッジ・ラインによる企業整備などに対する産業防衛闘争と結合して全国的な拡大をみたが、その後、占領軍・政府の弾圧や、労働組合活動家の先鋭的な街頭行動もみられ、民主化同盟(民同)勢力の発生もあってしだいに衰退していった。 労働組合運動と地域闘争の関係についていえば、労働組合の闘争は全国統一闘争や産業別闘争として展開される限り、地域問題や他階層との共闘に基づく要求実現は、かならずしも問題とされない。したがって労働組合が職場闘争を基礎に地域産業、労働条件、国民生活面の課題に対処することは、労働組合運動に幅をもたせ、闘争態勢の強化につながる。なお、地域闘争の思想は、1953年以降総評などが展開した地域ぐるみ闘争に受け継がれている。 [吉田健二] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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