Patrocinium (Latin)

Japanese: パトロキニウム - ぱとろきにうむ(英語表記)patrocinium ラテン語
Patrocinium (Latin)

A kind of boss-subordinate relationship in ancient Roman society. The boss was called patronus (patron) and the subordinate was called client. The patron called this relationship patroquinium, and the subordinate called clientela. This social relationship appears in the ancient Twelve Tables, and even after the mid-Republican period, the relationship of mutual use between the strong and the weak in society was a prominent aspect of public and private life, from the relationship between the upper classes to the relationship between the upper and lower classes. Breaking the mutual trust (fides) was considered immoral, and having a large patroquinium was considered to represent prestige. The patroquinium of Roman leaders spread throughout the Mediterranean world as Roman power expanded, and the Roman emperor was the greatest patron of the entire empire. This relationship continued into late antiquity, with peasants donating their land to the powerful to become tenant farmers, and the protection of these farmers protected them from oppressors. Some say that this is one of the origins of medieval feudalism in the West.

[Tadanori Yoshimura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ローマ社会における一種の親分・子分の関係。親分をパトローヌスpatronus(パトロン)、子分をクリエンスcliensといい、この関係をパトロンの側からはパトロキニウム、子分の側からはクリエンテラclientelaとよぶ。古く十二表法にも現れる社会関係で、共和政時代中期以後も、社会的な強者と弱者との相互利用の関係は、上層民相互の関係から上層・下層の関係に至るまで、公私の生活の顕著な側面をなした。相互を結ぶ信義fidesを破ることは背徳とされ、大きなパトロキニウムを擁することは威信を表すと考えられた。ローマ有力者のパトロキニウムは、ローマ勢力の拡大とともに地中海世界を覆い、ローマ皇帝は全帝国民の最大のパトロンであった。農民が土地を有力者に寄進して小作人となり、その保護によって抑圧者から身を守るなど、この関係は古代末期にも存続したが、これを西洋中世封建制の一つの源とする説もある。

[吉村忠典]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Patrona Halil's Rebellion - Patrona Halil's Rebellion

>>:  Patroon system - Patroon system (English spelling)

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