Heinrich Rickert

Japanese: リッケルト - りっけると(英語表記)Heinrich Rickert
Heinrich Rickert

German philosopher. He was the founder of the Southwest German School, one of the Neo-Kantian schools founded by Windelband. He was born in Danzig (now Gdansk) as the son of a politician. After studying in Berlin and Strasbourg, he served as professor at the universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg. He opposed Hegelian metaphysical speculation and the relativistic tendencies of the philosophy of life at the time, which were brought about by positivism, psychologism, and historicism, and, in keeping with Kant's spirit of criticism, he attempted to establish a systematic philosophy of culture and value based on a transcendental logicist standpoint, starting from an epistemological foundation for the possibility of the sciences. In other words, he believed that the object of cognition is not existence but ought, not fact but meaning or value, and that the task of philosophy is to explore and determine the realm of transcendental value that lies beyond the subjective and objective, that is, the absolute cultural value itself that is valid without time. He elucidated the meaning of culture in general, extracting concepts such as truth, beauty, holiness, and happiness. In relation to this, he inherited and developed Windelband's ideas, clarifying the characteristics of historical science and cultural science, which grasp the one-off and individual through the method of individualizing conceptual construction, as opposed to natural science, which takes a universalizing method.

This scientific methodology had a major influence on the discussion of modern human science and social science, including that of Max Weber. His major works include "The Objects of Knowledge" (1892), "Cultural and Natural Science" (1899), and "A System of Philosophy" (1921).

[Yuyuki Ito April 17, 2015]

"The Objects of Cognition" (translated by Tokutatsu Yamauchi, Iwanami Bunko) " "Cultural Sciences and Natural Sciences" (translated by Noboru Toyokawa and Tetsuo Satake, Iwanami Bunko)

[References] | Neo-Kantian

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの哲学者。ウィンデルバントによって創始された新カント学派の一つ、西南ドイツ学派の大成者。ダンツィヒ(現、グダニスク)に政治家の子として生まれる。ベルリン、ストラスブールに学んだのち、フライブルク、ハイデルベルク両大学の教授を務めた。ヘーゲル的な形而上(けいじじょう)学的思弁と、実証主義、心理主義、歴史主義によってもたらされた当時の生の哲学に代表される相対主義的傾向に反対し、カントの批判主義の精神をくんで諸科学の可能性の認識論的基礎づけから出発して、超越論的論理主義的見地にたつ体系的な文化哲学、価値哲学の樹立を企図した。すなわち彼は、本来の認識の対象は存在ではなくて当為、事実ではなくて意味あるいは価値であり、こうした主観・客観の彼岸にある超越的価値の領域、つまり無時間的に妥当する絶対的な文化価値そのものを探究し、確定するのが哲学の課題と考え、真、美、聖、幸福などの概念を取り出しつつ、文化一般の意味の解明を行った。またこれと関連してウィンデルバントの思想を継承発展させ、普遍化的方法をとる自然科学に対して、個性化的概念構成の方法によって一回的、個別的なものを把握する歴史科学ないしは文化科学の特質を明らかにした。

 こうした科学方法論は、マックス・ウェーバーをはじめとして現代の精神科学あるいは社会科学をめぐる議論に大きな影響を及ぼした。主要な著作として『認識の対象』(1892)、『文化科学と自然科学』(1899)、『哲学の体系』(1921)などがある。

[伊東祐之 2015年4月17日]

『山内得立訳『認識の対象』(岩波文庫)』『豊川昇・佐竹哲雄訳『文化科学と自然科学』(岩波文庫)』

[参照項目] | 新カント学派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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