Interest - Risoku

Japanese: 利息 - りそく
Interest - Risoku

Money or other fungibles (principal) paid at a fixed rate (interest rate) in proportion to the amount of the principal and the period of use as consideration for the use of the money or other fungibles. It is different from rent or land rent, which are consideration for the use of infungibles. It should be noted that although late interest is called interest, it is essentially compensation for damages. Interest may accrue by special agreement between the parties (contractual interest) or by legal provisions (statutory interest). If the parties only agree that interest will accrue, but do not specify the rate, the rate is set at 6% per year in commercial transactions (Article 514 of the Commercial Code) and 5% per year in civil transactions (Article 404 of the Civil Code). When an interest rate is determined by agreement between the parties, the maximum limit for that rate is set by the Interest Restriction Act.

Compound interest refers to the process of adding interest that has become due to the debtor to the principal and accruing interest on it. This promise of compound interest is valid, but since compound interest is also interest, the interest on the original principal, including the compound interest, is subject to the Interest Rate Restriction Act. Even if there is no promise of compound interest, if interest is overdue for more than one year and payment is still not made despite the creditor's notice, the creditor has the right to add the overdue interest to the principal (Civil Code Article 405). This is called statutory compound interest. In economics and finance, the term "interest" seems to be more commonly used.

[Toshio Takeuchi]

[Reference] | Interest

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

金銭その他の代替物(元本)の使用の対価として、元本額と使用期間に比例して、一定の割合(利率)により支払われる金銭その他の代替物。不代替物の使用の対価である地代や賃料などとは異なる。また、遅延利息は、利息と名づけられてはいるものの、その実質は損害賠償であることに留意しなければならない。利息は、当事者間の特約によって発生する場合(約定利息)と、法律の規定によって発生する場合(法定利息)とがある。当事者が利息の生ずることのみを約束し、利率を定めなかった場合には、その利率は、商事取引では年6分(商法514条)、民事取引では年5分(民法404条)とされている。なお、当事者間の約束により利率を定めるときには、その利率の最高限度が利息制限法によって定められている。

 弁済期の到来した利息を元本に組み入れて、これに対して利息を付することを重利(複利)という。この重利の約束も有効であるが、重利も利息であるから、もとの元本を基礎として、重利の分もあわせた利息につき、利息制限法の適用を受ける。重利の約束がなくても、利息が1年分以上延滞し、債権者が催告をしてもなお支払いのないときは、債権者は延滞した利息を元本に組み入れる権利を有する(民法405条)。これを法定重利という。なお、経済・財政上では、「利子」という用語を用いることが多いようである。

[竹内俊雄]

[参照項目] | 利子

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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