Land tour - Rikuyuu

A poet of the Song Dynasty in China. His pen name was Mukan and his pen name was Fangwong. He was from Shanyin, Yuezhou (Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). At the age of 29, he took the top spot in the Jinshi examination, but was hindered by the Prime Minister Qin Hui and failed the palace examination. After Qin Hui's death, he entered the government for the first time at the age of 34, but ended up moving between minor central and local government posts. Moreover, he was dismissed many times for criticizing important people, and only held government posts for a total of about 20 years. Although he was isolated in the government, suffered repeated setbacks, and was unfortunate, he was always concerned about his country, advocated a full-scale resistance to the invading Jin, and was an upright and passionate patriotic poet who continued to sing about it in his poetry. He sang of his aspirations, saying, "I am ashamed of being nameless in the history of a thousand years, and will repay the Emperor with every last fiber of my being," and he resented the corruption of the powerful, saying, "The Red Clan is depressed and sings and dances, the stables grow fat and die, and the bowstring breaks," and even sang of his hope for the restoration of his country in his deathbed poem, saying, "On the day the royal teacher determines the central plain in the north, I tell my father not to forget the family festival." This was something that remained with him throughout his life.

While he wrote such passionate poems, he also enjoyed everyday life with a calm state of mind, projecting the happiness of being alive onto the everyday things around him, and sang them in detail, such as in "Listening to the spring rain in the small building one night, selling apricot blossoms in the deep alley tomorrow morning." His poems, numbering about 10,000, are based on these two aspects of rage and leisure, but at the bottom of them was a pure spirit similar to that of a child, and an attitude of pursuing the fullness of one's true nature.

His diary "Entering Shu," written when he was 46 years old and was posted to Sichuan Province (Shu), is considered the most impressive travelogue. He also wrote the 50-volume "Collection of Weinan Writings" and the 85-volume "Draft Poems of the Swordsmen."

[Iseo Yokoyama]

``Naoaki Maeno's ``Chinese Poetry Collection 19 Rikuyu'' (1964, Shueisha)'' ▽ ``Kanju Ogawa's ``Chinese Poetry Selection 20 Rikuyu'' (1974, Chikuma Shobo)''

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、宋(そう)代の詩人。字(あざな)は務観(むかん)、号は放翁(ほうおう)。越(えつ)州山陰(さんいん)（浙江(せっこう)省紹興(しょうこう)市）の人。29歳のとき進士の試験に第一位をとったが、宰相秦檜(しんかい)に妨害されて殿試で落第させられた。秦檜の死後、34歳で初めて官界に入ったが、中央の微官と地方官を転々として終わった。しかも要路の人を批判しては幾度も免職にあい、官職にあったのは通算しても20年ほどでしかない。このように官界において孤立し、挫折(ざせつ)を重ねて不遇であったが、彼はつねに国を憂い、侵略者金への徹底抗戦を主張し、それを詩に歌い続ける剛直激情の愛国詩人であった。「千年の史策に名無きを恥じ、一片の丹心もて天子に報ぜん」と抱負を歌い、「朱門沈沈とし歌舞を按(あん)じ、厩馬肥死(きゅうばひし)して弓は弦を断つ」と権門の腐敗に憤り、「王師北のかた中原を定むる日、家祭忘るるなかれ乃翁(ちち)に告ぐるを」と臨終の詩にまで国土回復の希望を歌うように、それは生涯を貫くものであった。

　こうした激情の詩をつくる一方では、「小楼一夜春雨を聴く、深巷(しんこう)明朝杏花(きょうか)を売らん」のように、平静な心境で日常の生を楽しみつつ、生きていることの幸福感を身辺の日常的な事物に投影させて、細やかに歌い上げた。約1万首の彼の詩は、この憤激と閑適(かんてき)の二面を基調とするが、その底にあるものは童心にも似た純粋な精神であり、十全な本性の追求の姿勢であった。

　なお四川(しせん)省（蜀(しょく)）へ赴任の46歳のときの日記『入蜀記』は、紀行文中の圧巻とされている。著に『渭南(いなん)文集』50巻と『剣南詩稿(けんなんしこう)』85巻がある。

［横山伊勢雄］

『前野直彬著『漢詩大系19　陸游』（1964・集英社）』▽『小川環樹著『中国詩文選20　陸游』（1974・筑摩書房）』

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