Electricity Business Act

Japanese: 電気事業法 - でんきじぎょうほう
Electricity Business Act

This law was enacted in 1964 (Showa 39) as the fundamental law for regulating the electricity industry in Japan, with the aim of protecting the interests of electricity users and ensuring the healthy development of the electricity industry.

The electricity business has traditionally been considered a natural monopoly where economies of scale (the larger the company, the easier it is to make profits) come into play, and it is positioned as a public utility that is approved by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, with its rates set according to the three main principles of "price-based pricing," "fair remuneration," and "fairness among consumers." In Japan, under the Electricity Business Act, a nine-electric power company system (ten if Okinawa Electric Power Company is included) has been established, with each company managing the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity in an integrated manner.

However, in line with the global trend towards deregulation of the electricity industry, Japan also revised the Electricity Business Act in 1995, introducing competition into the power generation market (introduction of independent power producers) and creating specified electricity businesses. In addition, a new electricity tariff assessment system (yardstick assessment) was introduced to promote efficient management of power companies.

Subsequently, in order to introduce further competition into the electricity business, the Electricity Council recommended in 1997 that a full-scale bidding system be introduced for new thermal power plants, and in 1999 the Electricity Business Act was amended again, with partial liberalization of retail sales targeting large-scale consumers (20,000 volts or more and maximum power usage of 2,000 kilowatts or more) coming into effect in March 2000. This is called the "specified-scale electricity business," and with this partial liberalization of retail sales, the scope of liberalization was reduced to about 30% of total demand on an electricity volume basis, and in this segment, entry was free in principle, and price regulations were abolished. In addition, consideration was given to the details of the wheeling (price) system, which is an important requirement for new entrants into the electricity business.

[Ken Koyama]

Subsequently, in 2005, the requirements for specific-scale electricity businesses were relaxed to require consumers to have a voltage of 6 kilovolts or more and a maximum power usage of 50 kilowatts or more. Meanwhile, regarding full liberalization of the electricity retail market, the Electricity Business Subcommittee concluded in July 2007 that "implementation is not desirable at this time."

[Editorial Department]

[References] | Economies of scale | Public utilities | Electric utilities | Independent power producers

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

電気の利用者の利益保護と電気事業の健全な発展という目的のため、1964年(昭和39)に制定されたわが国の電気事業規制の根本となる法律。

 電気事業は従来から規模の経済性(企業規模が大きいほど収益が上がりやすいこと)が働く自然独占分野と考えられ、その料金が「原価主義」「公正報酬」「需要家間の公平」を三大原則として経済産業大臣の認可を受ける公益事業と位置づけられている。わが国では電気事業法のもと、おのおのが発・送・配電事業を一体的に運営する9電力(沖縄電力を含めば10電力)会社体制が確立している。

 しかし、世界的な電気事業規制緩和の潮流のなかでわが国においても、1995年(平成7)に電気事業法が改正され、発電市場への競争導入(独立系発電事業者の導入)、特定電気事業の創設が実施された。また、電力会社の効率経営を促進するための新たな電気料金査定制度(ヤードスティック査定)が導入された。

 その後、電気事業へのいっそうの競争導入のため、1997年には電気事業審議会の答申で、新設火力発電の全面的な入札制度導入が決定し、さらに99年には電気事業法が再改正され、大口需要家(2万ボルト以上で使用最大電力が2000キロワット以上)を対象とした小売の部分自由化が、2000年3月から実施された。これは特定規模電気事業とよばれ、この小売の部分自由化によって、自由化の対象となるのは、電力量ベースで全需要の約30%で、同部分では、原則として参入自由、料金規制もなくなった。また、実際に電気事業へ新規参入の際の重要な要件となる託送(料金)制度の詳細に関して検討が進められた。

[小山 堅]

 その後、2005年から特定規模電気事業において需要家の対象が、6キロボルト以上で使用最大電力が50キロワット以上というように緩和された。一方、電力の小売り全面自由化については、2007年7月の電気事業分科会で「現時点では実施は望ましくない」との結論が示された。

[編集部]

[参照項目] | 規模の経済 | 公益事業 | 電気事業 | 独立系発電事業者

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Electric vehicle - denki jidousha (English spelling)

>>:  Electricity business

Recommend

Emperor Jomei

593-641 The 34th Emperor of the Asuka period. Rei...

Wood scissors - Wood scissors

...The following tools are essential for home gar...

Uganda Railways

...In 1920, the coastal areas where the Zanzibar ...

Plow - Plow (English spelling)

In the UK, it is also spelled plough. Like the Ja...

Kirchweih

…It is translated as the festival of the dedicati...

Buṭrus al‐Bustānī

1819‐83 An enlightened humanist nationalist who de...

Dur Sharrukin

...The painting has little movement and exudes a ...

Uonbin - Uonbin

〘noun〙 A type of sound change. The phenomenon in w...

Gulf Stream

…the great ocean current that originates in the F...

Polytelic inflorescence

...In the example of Figure 2, a and b are consid...

Ghelderode, Michel de

Born: April 3, 1898 in Ixelles [Died] April 1, 196...

Deputy - Dairi

A system in which party B performs legal acts suc...

Common law - Normal law

In a broad sense, it means general law that has ef...

Ando Izutsudo

...In the 1872 (Meiji 5) edition of the Tokyo Nic...

Coast Guard - Kaijo Keibitai

The maritime self-defense force was established in...