Hua Guofeng - Hua Guofeng

Chinese politician. Born in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province. Joined the Communist Party of China in 1937 while attending the county vocational training school. Participated in the anti-Japanese guerrilla war as the county party committee secretary. In 1949, moved south to Hunan Province with the People's Liberation Army. Became acquainted with Mao Zedong in 1950, and achieved success in the province's water conservancy project in 1955, which earned him praise. As a member of the province's mainstream Cultural Revolution faction, he was elected to the Central Committee at the 9th Party Congress in 1969. In 1970, he led the way in the re-establishment of the provincial party committee as first secretary, and also served as deputy chairman of the provincial revolutionary committee. In 1971, he was assigned to the central government of the State Council in Beijing, where he was involved in the investigation of the Lin Biao incident. In 1973, he became a member of the Party Central Politburo, and in 1975, he became vice premier and minister of public security. After the death of Zhou Enlai in January 1976, he served as acting prime minister, and was promoted to first vice chairman of the party and prime minister immediately after the first Tiananmen Square incident in April of the same year. After the death of Mao Zedong in September 1976, he played an active role in arresting the "Gang of Four" the following October, and served as party chairman and chairman of the Central Military Commission, the highest post in China. At the end of 1976, he gave a speech at the Second Dazhai Conference. He visited Japan in May and July 1980. He resigned as prime minister in September 1980 due to the failure of the Great Economic Leap Forward in 1977 and for excessive worship of Mao Zedong. At the Sixth Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee in 1981, he was demoted to vice chairman (sixth in the party hierarchy). At the 12th Party Congress in 1982, he remained a mere Central Committee member, and retired in 2002.

[Keisuke Takaichi and Tsukasa Shibuya, April 16, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の政治家。山西(さんせい)省交城県出身。1937年県職業訓練学校当時、中国共産党に加入。県党委員会書記として抗日遊撃戦に参加。1949年人民解放軍とともに湖南(こなん)省に南下。1950年毛沢東(もうたくとう)の知遇を得、1955年同省内の水利事業で成果をあげ、毛に評価される。同省文革派主流として、1969年第9回党大会で中央委員に選出された。1970年各省の先頭を切って再建された同省党委員会の第一書記となり、省革命委員会主任代理も兼任した。1971年北京(ペキン)で国務院の中央政務につき、当時の林彪(りんぴょう)事件の糾明にあたった。1973年党中央政治局委員、1975年副首相兼公安相。1976年1月周恩来(しゅうおんらい)死後首相代行を務め、同年4月の第一次天安門事件直後に党第一副主席兼首相に昇進。1976年9月毛沢東死後、翌10月「四人組」逮捕に活躍、党主席と中央軍事委員会主席を兼任し、中国の最高ポストについた。1976年末第2回大寨(だいさい)会議で演説。1980年（昭和55）5月と7月に来日。1977年の経済大躍進の失敗と毛沢東崇拝ゆきすぎのかどで1980年9月首相を辞任。1981年党六中総会で副主席（党内序列6位）に下る。1982年12回党大会ではただの中央委員にとどまり、2002年に退任。

［高市恵之助・渋谷　司　2019年4月16日］

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