Rebellion of the Six Chins - Rikuchin no Ran

A civil war at the end of the Northern Wei dynasty in China. In order to deal with Rouran and other rebels, the Northern Wei dynasty established six towns, including Huaishuo and Wuchuan, in the north as military bases. A rebellion broke out in 524 in one of these towns, Yuye, which involved the other five towns, various provinces, and other towns, and developed into a major rebellion across the entire territory of the Northern Wei dynasty. The rebellion was temporarily put an end to in 530 by Erzhu Rong, but soon afterwards a new conflict arose between the Erzhu clan and the Northern Wei court, and further gave rise to a rivalry between Gao Huan and Yuwen Tai, who became powerful figures in the Eastern and Western Wei dynasties. Both Huan and Tai were from the Six Towns, and the division of the Northern Wei dynasty into Eastern and Western dynasties can be said to be the result of the Six Towns Rebellion. The cause of the rebellion was said to be the loss of status of the northern peoples, primarily the Xianbei, who had supported the military power of the Northern Wei Dynasty when they were sent to the towns, due to changes in the central government, such as the Sinicization policy.

[Keifumi Kubozoe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、北魏(ほくぎ)末の内乱。北魏は柔然(じゅうぜん)などに対処するため、軍事拠点として北辺に懐朔(かいさく)、武川(ぶせん)など六つの鎮を設置した。その一つ沃野(よくや)鎮で524年に起こった反乱は、他の五鎮や諸州、諸鎮を巻き込み、北魏全版図にわたる大反乱に発展した。乱は爾朱栄(じしゅえい)によって530年にひとまず終結したが、直後に爾朱氏と北魏朝廷という新たな対立が起こり、さらに東魏、西魏の実力者となる高歓(こうかん)と宇文泰(うぶんたい)の対抗関係を生じた。歓も泰も六鎮の出身であり、北魏の東西分裂は六鎮の乱の帰結であるといえる。乱の原因としては、鎮に派遣された北魏の軍事力を支えた鮮卑(せんぴ)を中心とする北方民族が、漢化政策などにみられる中央政府の変質により、もとの地位を失ったことがあげられる。

［窪添慶文］

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