Power factor

Japanese: 力率 - りきりつ(英語表記)power factor
Power factor

The ratio of effective power to apparent power in an AC circuit. When an AC circuit contains a capacitor (which generates capacitance, mainly a capacitor) or an inductor (which generates inductance, mainly a coil) in addition to resistors, the current flowing through the resistor generates heat and consumes electrical energy, whereas in a capacitor or inductor, the energy is simply stored and released repeatedly and is not consumed. Therefore, the quantity expressed as the product of voltage and current does not represent effective power, but only apparent power. This is called apparent power. Effective power (also called effective power or simply power) is generally smaller than apparent power. Therefore, the ratio of effective power to apparent power is called power factor. Power factor is generally smaller than 1, but becomes 1 when the voltage and current are in phase. In AC (sine wave), if the phase difference between the voltage and current is θ (theta) radians, the power factor is equal to cosθ. Since it is a quantity that indicates a ratio, it has no unit (dimensionless quantity). When expressed as a percentage, the unit is percent (%).

[Madashi Fuse and Masazumi Yoshizawa]

[Reference items] | Power | Apparent power

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

交流回路の有効電力と皮相電力との比。交流回路に抵抗器のほかにキャパシター(キャパシタンスを生じるもの。おもにコンデンサー)やインダクター(インダクタンスを生じるもの。おもにコイル)が含まれている場合、抵抗器を流れる電流は熱を発生して電気エネルギーを消費するのに対し、キャパシターやインダクターのなかでは、エネルギーは蓄積、放出を繰り返すだけで消費されない。したがって電圧と電流の積で表される量は有効な電力を表すものではなく、見かけの電力を表しているにすぎない。これを皮相電力とよんでいる。有効な電力(有効電力または単に電力という)は、一般に皮相電力より小さい。そこで有効電力と皮相電力との比を力率とよんでいる。力率は一般に1より小さいが、電圧と電流の位相があっているときは1になる。交流(正弦波)においては、電圧と電流の間の位相差をθ(シータ)ラジアンとすると、力率はcosθに等しい。割合を示す量なので、単位はない(無次元量)。百分率で示すとき、単位はパーセント(%)。

[布施 正・吉澤昌純]

[参照項目] | 電力 | 皮相電力

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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