The prosecutor is a national institution whose main task is to bring charges in criminal cases, but the establishment of this system is not so long ago, considering the long history of trials. While judges are indispensable in trials, prosecutors as prosecutors are not necessarily necessary. In criminal trials before the modern era, the judge was both the prosecutor and the judge, and cases were usually started by the court's own authority, without relying on the principle of "no prosecution without prosecution." It is said that the involvement of national institutions as plaintiffs in criminal cases began with the system of the "procureur du roi," the king's deputy, in 13th century France. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
検察官は,刑事事件につき公訴を行うことを主たる任務とする国家機関であるが,これが制度的に確立されたのは,裁判の長い歴史に比較すればそれほど古いことではない。裁判において裁判官が必要不可欠の存在であるのに対し,訴追者としての検察官は必然的なものとはいえず,近代以前の刑事裁判では,裁判官が訴追者と判断者とを兼ね,事件は〈不告不理の原則〉によることなく裁判所の職権で開始されるのが通例であった。刑事事件で国家機関が原告として関与するようになったのは,13世紀フランスの〈国王の代官procureur du roi〉の制度からであるといわれる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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