Revolutionary Tribunal

Japanese: 革命法廷 - かくめいほうてい
Revolutionary Tribunal

...Perestroika marked a major turning point in judicial reform, which aimed to realize a state governed by law, by making the true nature of the Soviet judiciary known and highlighting the need for its reform.
[History]
The Soviet court system began with the October Revolution of 1917, when the old courts were abolished and new people's courts (trialling civil and general criminal cases) and revolutionary courts (trialling counter-revolutionary and important criminal cases) were established, consisting of judges and people's associates elected by local soviets. The former had a People's Judges' Conference elected by the People's Judges' Conference at the provincial level, while the latter had a cassation court under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to the "Revolutionary Court" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ペレストロイカは,そうしたソ連司法の実態を知らしめ,その改革の必要を説いた意味で,法治国家(法の支配)の実現をめざすという司法改革にとっても大きな画期をもたらした。
[沿革]
 こうしたソ連の裁判所制度は,1917年の十月革命によって旧裁判所が廃止され,地方ソビエト選出による裁判官と人民参審員からなる人民裁判所(民事・一般刑事事件を審理)と革命法廷(反革命・重要刑事事件を審理)が組織されたことから出発した。前者は県単位の人民裁判官大会が選出する人民裁判官会議を,後者は全ロシア中央執行委員会のもとに破棄審を,それぞれ上級審としていた。…

※「革命法廷」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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