Dulles, John Foster

Japanese: ダレス（英語表記）Dulles， John Foster

Born: February 25, 1888 in Washington, DC, USA
[Died] May 24, 1959, Washington DC, USA
American diplomat and politician. After graduating from Princeton University in 1908, he studied at the Sorbonne. From 1911 to 1949, he worked at the international law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell. During that time, he participated in the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944 and the founding conference of the United Nations in 1945. In 1950, he was appointed advisor to the State Department and was involved in the negotiations for the Peace Treaty with Japan. In 1953, he became Secretary of State in the Eisenhower administration. He was seen as a representative of the hawkish faction, advocating a strong anti-Communist diplomacy, including a strategy of massive retaliation, a border policy, and a rollback policy, but in reality his policies were quite flexible. In April 1959, he resigned as Secretary of State due to cancer. His major works are War, Peace and Change (1939) and War or Peace (1950).

Dulles
Dulles, Allen Welsh

Born April 7, 1893 in Watertown, New York
[Died] January 29, 1969, Washington, DC
American lawyer and diplomat. Brother of J. F. Dulles. Graduated from Princeton University in 1914. Served as Director of the Near Eastern Bureau of the State Department in 1922. Retired from the State Department in 1926 to work at the international law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell. Served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1953 to 1961. During his term in office, the US U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Union in May 1960 (→ U-2 Incident), and the Bay of Pigs landing by anti-Castro forces in Cuba failed in April 1961 (→ Cochinos Bay Invasion Incident). These incidents drew attention because it was believed that the CIA was involved in them. His main works are "The Craft of Intelligence" (1963) and "The Secret Surrender" (1966).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1888.2.25. アメリカ，ワシントンD.C.
[没]1959.5.24. アメリカ，ワシントンD.C.
アメリカの外交官，政治家。 1908年プリンストン大学卒業後，ソルボンヌ大学に留学。 11～49年サリバン・アンド・クロムウェル国際法律事務所に勤務。その間 44年のダンバートン・オークス会議，45年の国連創設会議に参加。 50年国務省顧問に任じられ，対日講和条約の交渉などにあたり，53年アイゼンハワー政権の国務長官に就任。大量報復戦略，せとぎわ政策，巻返し政策など，強硬な反共外交を主張しタカ派の代表のようにみられたが，実際の政策はかなり柔軟であった。 59年4月癌のため国務長官を辞任。主著『戦争と平和および変革』 War，Peace and Change (1939) ，『戦争か平和か』 War or Peace (50) 。

ダレス
Dulles， Allen Welsh

[生]1893.4.7. ニューヨーク，ウォータータウン
[没]1969.1.29. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカの法律家，外交官。 J.F.ダレスの実弟。 1914年プリンストン大学卒業。 1922年国務省近東局長。 1926年国務省を退き，サリバン・アンド・クロムウェル国際法律事務所に勤務。 1953～61年中央情報局 CIA長官。在任中の 1960年5月アメリカの偵察機 U2型機がソ連で撃墜され (→U-2型機事件 ) ，また 1961年4月キューバの反カストロ軍のコチノス湾 (ピッグズ湾) 上陸侵攻が失敗する事件 (→コチノス湾侵攻事件 ) が起こったが，これらに CIAが関与していたといわれ注目された。主著"The Craft of Intelligence" (1963) ，"The Secret Surrender" (1966) 。

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