Livy (English spelling) Titus Livius

Japanese: リウィウス - りうぃうす(英語表記)Titus Livius
Livy (English spelling) Titus Livius

A historian of ancient Rome. He was born in Patavium (Padua) in northern Italy, and died there. The details of his life are unclear. He spent a long time in Rome, but he did not hold any public office, and is thought to have had no special political or military experience. He was welcomed into the literary circle of Emperor Augustus, and spent 40 years writing the 142-volume historical account "History of Rome" that covers the period from the founding of Rome to Augustus' unification of the world (or more precisely, up to the death of Drusus in 9 BC). (Note: only 35 volumes remain today, volumes 1-10 and 21-45, and the remaining volumes are just "summaries" of "summaries" from the second half of the 1st century.) This work, published in separate volumes, is a compilation of the works of existing chroniclers and historical writings by Polybius and others. It is a historical chronology that praises the virtue and power of the Roman people who built the great Roman Empire up until the Peace of Augustus, and is a great monument to the Roman people who built the world empire. The style of writing, imitating that of Cicero, is elegant, varied, and full of skill, and is representative of Latin literature of the Golden Age. As for the content, although it is free from the partisan positions of the chroniclers, it has long been criticized for lacking a critical attitude toward the sources it used, for idealizing ancient Rome above all, and for being full of contradictions and errors. It was widely read during the Imperial period, and its fame continued until the end of the Roman period, and during the Renaissance Dante called him "the infallible historian," but it can be said that the scientific study of ancient Rome began with Livy's critical examination.

[Hasegawa Hirotaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ローマの歴史家。北イタリアのパタウィウム(パドバ)に生まれ、同地で没した。その生涯の詳細は明らかでない。長くローマで過ごしたが、公職にはつかず、特別な政治的、軍事的体験はなかったと思われる。皇帝アウグストゥスの文学サークルに迎え入れられ、40年を費やして、ローマ建国よりアウグストゥスの世界統一に至る(正しくは前9年のドルススの死まで)全142巻からなる歴史記述『ローマ建国史』を著した(なお、現存するのは第1~10巻、第21~45巻の35巻で、他の巻は1世紀後半の「要約」のそのまた「要約」が残っているにすぎない)。適宜分冊で公刊されたこの作品は、在来の年代記作家の著作およびポリビオスなどの歴史叙述を総合、集大成したもので、アウグストゥスの平和に至るまでの大帝国ローマを築き上げたローマ人の徳と力とを賞賛した編年体の歴史叙述であり、世界帝国の建設者ローマ国民をたたえる一大記念碑となっている。キケロの文体を模した表現は、流麗にして変化、技巧に富み、黄金時代のラテン文学を代表する。内容に関しては、年代記作家の党派的立場を離れているとはいえ、その利用した資料に対する批判的姿勢に欠け、なによりも古ローマの理想化に走り、矛盾、誤謬(ごびゅう)に満ちているという批判が古くから加えられてきた。帝政期には大いに読まれ、その名声はローマ末期まで続き、ルネサンス期にはダンテが「誤りなき歴史家」としているが、古ローマの科学的研究は、リウィウスの批判的な検討をもって始まったといえよう。

[長谷川博隆]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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