Lanzhou

Japanese: 蘭州 - らんしゅう
Lanzhou

A prefecture-level city in the central part of Gansu Province, China, and the provincial capital. It has jurisdiction over five city districts and three counties: Yongdeng, Gaolan, and Yuzhong (as of 2016). The permanent population is 3,693,100 (2015). In addition to the Han ethnic group, the city is home to other ethnic minorities, including the Hui, Manchu, Dongxiang, Tibetan (Tibetan), and Tu.

It is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River where the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lowers in altitude and turns into the Loess Plateau. As a strategic location where the Silk Road from Guanzhong to the Western Regions crosses the Yellow River, it has developed as a military and commercial city since ancient times. Currently, the Longhai Line, Baolan Line (Baotou-Lanzhou), Lanxin Line, and Lanqing Line (Lanzhou-Xining) pass through the city, and the Lanyu Line (Lanzhou-Chongqing) and Chenglan Line (Chengdu-Lanzhou) are under construction. Sea, land, and air traffic hub connects Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Tibet with eastern China, making it the second central city in northwestern China after Xi'an. The city stretches from east to west across the Yellow River, with its center in the Chengguan District of the former Gaolan County on the eastern south bank. The city is 1,518 meters above sea level and belongs to the semi-arid climate.

In the past, Lanzhou had a strong commercial character as a collection point for specialty products from the surrounding areas, but after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it became an inland industrial base with the planned accumulation of various heavy and light industries, including petroleum, chemicals, machinery, metals and woolen textiles, and has revamped its appearance as an industrial city. In agriculture, Lanzhou is particularly famous for fruits such as the white orchid melon, which are widely exported both domestically and internationally, earning it the nickname "Cucumber City." Irrigation has opened up farmland along the Yellow River, and irrigation using waterwheels in particular can be seen. There are records that rice was once cultivated here, but wheat is now the main grain. Famous local products include Lanzhou beef noodles and lily root.

The scenery created by the Yellow River and the hills on both sides of it is beautiful, and the main tourist spots are Gaolan Mountain, Wuquan Mountain, White Tower Mountain, Yantan, etc. Legend has it that the spring water on top of Wuquan Mountain was discovered by the Han general Huo Qubing, and there are many other historical sites related to the Silk Road.

[Motohide Akiyama, Editorial Department, June 20, 2017]

history

It was Jincheng County after the Han Dynasty, Zicheng County in the Later Wei Dynasty, Jincheng County in the Sui Dynasty, Wuquan County in the Tang Dynasty, Lanquan County in the Song Dynasty, Lan County in the Ming Dynasty, and Gaolan County after the Qing Dynasty. During this time, it was Jincheng County in the Later Wei Dynasty, the capital of Lanzhou or Jincheng County after the Sui Dynasty, and the capital of Lanzhou Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty, and in the Republic of China, it was the capital of Gansu Province. The city is located east of the Yellow River, controlling the key route from Xi'an (Chang'an) to the Western Regions, and has been a key location in the Hexi region since ancient times. It was said that if Jincheng fell, Chang'an would not be safe for even a day, so successive dynasties stationed troops there. During the Han Dynasty, when Huo Qubing attacked the Xiongnu, he set up camp in the nearby Gaolan Mountains. During the Tang Dynasty, it first came under the territory of the Tubo and later the Tanguts (both Tibetans), and during the Song Dynasty, it became a disputed territory between the Song and Western Xia.

[Hoshi Hashio June 20, 2017]

[Reference items] | Huoyoubi | Gansu (province) | Hailan | Lanxin Line | Longhai Line

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、甘粛(かんしゅく)省中央部にある地級市で、同省の省都。5市轄区、永登(えいとう)、皋蘭(こうらん)、楡中(ゆちゅう)の3県を管轄下に置く(2016年時点)。常住人口369万3100(2015)。漢民族のほかに回族、満洲(まんしゅう)族、トンシャン族、チベット族(蔵族)、トゥー族などの少数民族が居住する。

 青蔵(せいぞう)高原が高度を低め、黄土(こうど)高原に移る黄河(こうが)上流部に位置する。関中(かんちゅう)から西域(せいいき)に至るシルク・ロードが黄河を渡る地点にある要衝として、古くから軍事・商業都市として発達していた。現在も隴海(ろうかい)線、包蘭線(パオトウ―蘭州)、蘭新線、蘭青線(蘭州―西寧(せいねい))の各鉄道が通るほか、蘭渝(らんゆ)線(蘭州―重慶(じゅうけい))、成蘭線(成都(せいと)―蘭州)が建設中である。内モンゴル、寧夏(ねいか)、新疆(しんきょう)、青海(せいかい)、チベット各地と中国東部を結ぶ水陸空の交通が集中し、中国西北地区で西安(せいあん)に次ぐ中心都市となっている。市街区は黄河を挟んで東西に長く連なり、その中心は南岸東部にある旧皋蘭県城の城関(じょうかん)区である。市街地の標高は1518メートル、気候は半乾燥区に属する。

 かつては周辺各地の特産品の集積地として、商業都市の性格が強かったが、中華人民共和国成立後、内陸工業基地として、石油、化学、機械、金属、毛織物などをはじめ、各種の重軽工業の計画的集積が行われ、面目を一新する工業都市となった。農業ではとくに白蘭瓜(はくらんか)をはじめとする果物が著名で、広く国内外に移出され、蘭州には「瓜果城(かかじょう)」の別称がある。黄河沿岸は灌漑(かんがい)によって耕地が開かれ、とくに水車による灌漑がみられる。かつては稲が栽培されていたという記録もあるが、現在の主要な穀物は小麦である。名産として、蘭州牛肉麺とユリ根が有名。

 黄河とそれを挟んで迫る両岸の丘陵がつくりだす風景は美しく、主要な遊覧地として皋蘭山、五泉山、白塔山、雁灘(がんたん)などがある。五泉山山上の泉水は漢の将軍霍去病(かくきょへい)が発見したという伝承をもっており、そのほかシルク・ロードにちなむ史跡が多い。

[秋山元秀・編集部 2017年6月20日]

歴史

漢以後の金城県、後魏(こうぎ)の子城県、隋(ずい)の金城県、唐の五泉県、宋(そう)の蘭泉県、明(みん)の蘭県、清(しん)以後の皋蘭県にあたる。この間、後魏の金城郡、隋以後の蘭州または金城郡、清の蘭州府の首邑(しゅゆう)となり、中華民国では甘粛省都となった。市街は黄河の東にあり、西安(長安)から西域へ向かう要道を押さえており、古来、河西(かせい)地方の要地であった。金城が陥落すれば長安は1日も安泰ではないといわれ、歴代の王朝は軍を常駐させた。漢代に霍去病が匈奴(きょうど)を討ったとき付近の皋蘭山に布陣し、唐代には初め吐蕃(とばん)、のち党項(タングート)(ともにチベット族)の領域に入り、宋代には、宋と西夏の係争地となった。

[星 斌夫 2017年6月20日]

[参照項目] | 霍去病 | 甘粛(省) | 皋蘭 | 蘭新線 | 隴海線

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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