Pycnometer; specific-gravity bottle

Japanese: 比重瓶 - ひじゅうびん（英語表記）pycnometer; specific-gravity bottle

A type of hydrometer. Also called a pycnometer. A glass bottle used to measure the specific gravity and density of granular or fine solids or liquids. The specific gravity and density of a sample can be determined by measuring the mass of an empty pycnometer, a pycnometer filled with standard water (pure water at 4°C), a pycnometer filled with a liquid sample, or a pycnometer containing a solid sample. The Le Châtelier pycnometer, which can be used to easily determine the specific gravity of a solid, has a volumetric scale and the specific gravity of the solid sample can be determined by reading the scale when filled with standard water and when filled with a sample of known mass. Various types of pycnometers have been devised depending on the purpose of use.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

比重計の1種。ピクノメータともいう。粒状や細片状の固体または液体の比重や密度の測定用に使用するガラス瓶。からの比重瓶，標準水 (4℃の純水) を満たした比重瓶，液体試料を満たした比重瓶，固体試料を入れた比重瓶の質量を測定すれば，これらから試料の比重や密度が求められる。簡便に固体の比重が求められるル・シャトリエ比重瓶は体積目盛りをもち，標準水を入れたとき，およびこれに質量が既知の試料を入れたときの目盛りの読みから，試料固体の比重がわかる。使用目的に応じて各種の型の比重瓶が考案されている。

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