A general term for suspended substances that float in water but do not dissolve. Along with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), it is used as an indicator of pollution. It causes water to become cloudy, and if there is a lot of it, it is harmful for drinking and industrial use, and it also impedes the penetration of light, reducing the self-purifying function of water and making it difficult for organisms in the water to breathe. If it settles, it hinders the activity and habitat of bottom-dwelling animals at the bottom of the water, and generates harmful gases through anaerobic fermentation. In the environmental standards, as items related to the conservation of the living environment, in rivers, the AA type for water supply class 1, the C type for fisheries class 3, the E type for environmental conservation, the floating garbage is not allowed. In lakes and ponds, the B type for fisheries class 3 is 15 ppm or less. In the Water Pollution Control Act, it is included in the items that indicate the state of water pollution to prevent damage to the living environment, and the allowable limit for wastewater is set at 200 mg/ l by the Environment Ministry Ordinance that sets the wastewater standards. The method for testing the amount of suspended solids is by filtration using a filter. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
水中に浮遊して溶解しない懸濁性の物質の総称。生物化学的酸素要求量 BODや化学的酸素要求量 CODとともに汚濁の指標として使われる。水の濁りの原因であり,これが多いと,飲料にも工業用にも障害があり,また光の透過を妨げて水の自浄作用を低下させ,水中の生物の呼吸を困難にする。沈殿すると水底の底棲動物の活動や生息を妨げ,また嫌気性発酵により有害ガスを発生させる。環境基準では,生活環境の保全に関する項目として,河川では,水道1級の AA類型で 25ppm以下,水産3級のCで 50ppm以下,環境保全のEで,ごみの浮遊が認められないこととされている。湖沼では,水産3級のBで 15ppm以下である。水質汚濁防止法の規制基準では,生活環境にかかわる被害防止のため,水の汚濁状態を示す項目に含まれ,排水基準を定める環境省令によって,排水の許容限度を 200 mg/l と定められている。浮遊物質量の検定方法は,フィルタによるろ過の方法による。
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