Fossil ape. In 1932, Lewis, a graduate student at Yale University in the United States, discovered a fragment of the right upper jaw bone in Siwalik, northwest India, but many scholars did not pay attention to it. In 1961, when Leakey and others discovered Kenyapithecus at Fort Ternan in Kenya, American primatologist Simons considered Kenyapithecus to be a member of Ramapithecus from 1964 onwards. In addition, fossil fragments discovered in succession in Turkey, Greece, Hungary, Pakistan, and southern China were all thought to be of the same kind. Since all of them are only teeth or jaw bone fragments, it is difficult to grasp the whole picture. The incisors and canines are small, but the small and large molars are large and the crowns are low. The shape of the teeth is primitive for humans, but compared to apes, it is quite close to humans. It dates from the end of the Miocene to the early Pliocene of the Tertiary period, 6 to 12 million years ago. For these reasons, Ramapithecus were thought to be the direct ancestors of humans, but today they are considered to be sexually dimorphic, with Sivapithecus, thought to be the ancestor of the orangutan, being considered to be the male and Ramapithecus being the female, and the view that they were the ancestors of humans has disappeared. [Shise Kahara] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
化石類人猿。アメリカ、エール大学の大学院生ルイスが1932年、インドの北西部シワリクで右上顎(じょうがく)骨片を発見したが、多くの学者は注目しなかった。1961年、リーキーらがケニアのフォート・ターナンでケニアピテクスを発見するに及び、64年以降、アメリカの霊長類学者サイモンズはケニアピテクスもラマピテクスの一員であるとした。またトルコ、ギリシア、ハンガリー、パキスタン、中国南部から相次いで発見された化石破片もすべて同類のものと考えられた。いずれも歯または顎骨片にすぎないため、全貌(ぜんぼう)はつかみがたい。切歯や犬歯は小さいが、小・大臼歯(きゅうし)は大きく、歯冠は低い。歯の形態は人類としては原始的であるが、類人猿と比べるとかなり人類に近い。年代は第三紀中新世末から鮮新世前期で、600万年から1200万年前である。このような点からラマピテクス類は人類の直接の祖先と考えられたが、今日では性的二型とみなされ、オランウータンの祖先とみられるシバピテクスを雄(おす)、ラマピテクスはその雌(めす)と考えられるに至り、これを人類祖先とする見方は消え去った。 [香原志勢] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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