Labriola, Antonio

Japanese: ラブリオーラ（英語表記）Labriola， Antonio

Born: July 2, 1843, Cassino, near Naples
Died: February 12, 1904. Rome. Italian Marxist philosopher. He studied under Hegelian philosopher B. Spaventa at the University of Rome, and became a professor of philosophy at the university from 1874 onwards. At first he lectured on Hegelian philosophy and positivist philosophy, which were the mainstream in the philosophical world at the time, but from 1889 he taught historical philosophy based on Marxism. Through his correspondence with Engels and others, he became Italy's first orthodox Marxist, and led the Italian philosophical world at the turn of the century. His students included G. Sorel and Croce, but he eventually criticised their understanding of Marx as revisionism that diluted it with idealism. He had a great influence on Gramsci, Togliatti and others who came after Croce.

Labriola
Lover, Arturo

Born: January 21, 1873 in Naples
[Died] June 23, 1959. Neapolitan economist and social activist. After studying economics, he started a revolutionary syndicalist movement in his native Naples, and fought for leadership with the reformists within the Socialist Party. After losing this battle in 1906, he mainly wrote books, and in 1911 he declared his support for the Italo-Turkish War and also declared his intention to participate in World War I. After the war, he served as Minister of Labor in the G. Giolitti cabinet from 1920 to 1921, and after Fascism came to power, he went into exile in France in 1927. He returned to Italy in 1936, but stayed away from politics. After the collapse of Fascism, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly and then became a senator. In his later years, he became close to the Communist Party and worked hard to reform the city government of Naples.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1843.7.2. ナポリ近郊カッシーノ
[没]1904.2.12. ローマ
イタリアのマルクス主義哲学者。ローマ大学でヘーゲル学派の哲学者 B.スパベンタにつき，1874年以後同大学哲学教授。初め，当時の哲学界の主潮であったヘーゲル哲学，実証主義哲学を講じていたが，1889年以降マルクス主義に立つ歴史哲学を教授。エンゲルスなどとの文通によってイタリアにおける最初の正統的マルクス主義者となり，世紀の変わり目のイタリア哲学界を指導した。弟子には G.ソレル，クローチェなどがいたが，最後には彼らのマルクス理解を観念論によって水割りする修正主義として批判した。クローチェ以後のグラムシ，トリアッチなどに与えた影響は大きい。

ラブリオーラ
Labriola， Arturo

[生]1873.1.21. ナポリ
[没]1959.6.23. ナポリ
イタリアの経済学者，社会運動家。経済学を学んだのち，生地ナポリで革命的サンディカリズムの運動を起し，社会党内で改良派との主導権争いを演じた。これに敗れた 1906年以降は主として著作活動にあたり，11年にイタリア＝トルコ戦争支持を表明し，第1次世界大戦でも参戦主義を表明した。大戦後の 20～21年 G.ジョリッティ内閣の労相をつとめ，ファシズムが権力を握ったあと 27年にフランスに亡命。 36年帰国したが政治活動からは遠ざかり，ファシズム崩壊後に制憲議会に選ばれ，次いで上院議員となった。晩年は共産党に近づいてナポリの市政改革に尽した。

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