A city in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship in central Poland, located about 100 km south of Warsaw. Founded in the 12th century, it developed as a commercial center at the intersection of two major trade routes, and in 1360 was granted trade privileges by Casimir III (the Great). It later became the meeting place of the Polish nobility (szlachta) and the site of the national parliament (Sejm), the most famous being the parliament of 1505, which decided that "all royal decrees must be approved by the Sejm". After the Third Partition of Poland in 1793, it was occupied by Austria, and after becoming the Duchy of Warsaw (1807-15), it was incorporated into the Russian "Kingdom of the Sejm (Kingdom of Poland)". It was returned to Poland in 1918. During World War II, it was occupied by German troops and became the site of massacres. In modern times, various industries such as metal, chemical, machinery, leather, textiles, and glass have been carried out in the city. Population: 229,699 (2002). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ポーランド中部,マゾウィエツキェ県の都市。ワルシャワの南約 100kmに位置する。 12世紀に建設され,主要な二つの交易路の交点にあたる商業中心地として発達,1360年にはカジミエシ3世 (大王) により交易上の特権を与えられた。その後ポーランド士族 (シュラフタ ) の会議地となり,さらには全国議会 (セイム ) の開催地となったが,特に「王の法令制定にはすべて議会の承認を要する」などを決めた 1505年の議会は有名。 1793年の第3次ポーランド分割後はオーストリアに占領され,ワルシャワ公国 (1807~15) を経てロシア領「会議王国 (ポーランド王国) 」に編入。 1918年にポーランドに復帰した。第2次世界大戦中はドイツ軍の占領下で大量虐殺の場となった。近代以降は金属,化学,機械,皮革,繊維,ガラスなど各種の工業が行なわれる。人口 22万 9699 (2002) 。
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