Born: November 21, 1878 in Lübeck [Died] November 23, 1949. Heidelberg German legal philosopher. He studied at the universities of Munich, Leipzig, and Berlin, and taught mainly criminal law and legal philosophy at the universities of Heidelberg, Königsberg, and Kiel. Along with H. Rickert, E. Lask, and W. Sauer, he belonged to the Southwest German School of Neo-Kantianism (→Neo-Kantianism), criticized the traditional positivist concept of science, and emphasized the uniqueness of the science of law and the necessity of its methodology. By classifying and juxtaposing values important to law into three ideal-typological value systems from the perspectives of individualism, hyper-individualism, and hyper-personalism, he remained on the basis of a skeptical value relativism on the surface. However, his jurisprudence was not an abandonment of the substantive recognition of values that are unconditionally valid, but rather an attempt at such recognition. After World War I, he joined the Social Democratic Party in 1918. In 1920, he became a member of the Diet, and the following year he served as Minister of Justice. Along with H. Kelsen, he is one of the leading legal philosophers of the 20th century and has had a great influence on Japan. His main work is Grundzüge der Rechtsphilosophie (Outlines of Legal Philosophy) (1914). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1878.11.21. リューベック [没]1949.11.23. ハイデルベルク ドイツの法哲学者。ミュンヘン,ライプチヒ,ベルリンの各大学で学び,ハイデルベルク,ケーニヒスベルク,キールの大学で主として刑法,法哲学を教えた。 H.リッケルト,E.ラスク,W.ザウアーらと並んで西南ドイツ学派の新カント主義 (→新カント派 ) の立場に属し,従来の実証主義的な科学概念を批判し,精神科学の独自性とその方法論の必要性を強調した。法にとって重要な価値を,個人主義,超個人主義,超人格主義という観点から,3つの理想類型的な価値体系に分類,並置することにより,外観上は懐疑的な価値相対主義の基盤にとどまった。しかし,その法学は,無条件に妥当する価値の内容的認識の放棄ではなく,むしろ,このような認識の試みであったといえる。第1次世界大戦後,1918年社会民主党に入党。 20年,その国会議員となり,翌年司法大臣をも経験した。 H.ケルゼンとともに 20世紀を代表する法哲学者で日本に与えた影響も大きい。主著には『法哲学綱要』 Grundzüge der Rechtsphilosophie (1914) がある。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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