Harold Dwight Lasswell

Japanese: ラスウェル - らすうぇる(英語表記)Harold Dwight Lasswell
Harold Dwight Lasswell

American political scientist. Born in Donelson, Illinois. Graduated from the University of Chicago in 1922 and earned his doctorate there in 1926. From 1923 to 1925, he studied at the universities of London, Geneva, Paris, and Berlin. In 1924, he was a lecturer at the University of Chicago, and later an assistant professor and associate professor. From 1946 to 1970, he was a professor at Yale University. From 1970 to 1973, he was a professor at John J. College, City University of New York. From 1973 to 1975, he was a professor at Temple University. From 1955 to 1956, he was president of the American Political Science Association. From 1970 to 1972, he served as president of the American Association of International Law.

His research activities are multifaceted, and the main areas are as follows: (1) the interaction of power and personality. This is an analysis of powerful people using psychoanalytic methods. As exemplified by his book Power and Man (1948); (2) the study of theoretical frameworks of politics. An example is Power and Society (1950), co-authored with philosopher Abraham Kaplan (1918-1993); (3) elite studies. This is not only an analytical perspective, but is also considered one of the measurement standards for political change in the world since 1890. His edited volume World Revolutionary Elites (1965) is representative of this field; (4) the study of symbols, communication, and political propaganda. There was much research in this area in the early and middle periods, such as Language of Politics (co-authored), which focuses on content analysis by quantification (quantitative semantics); (5) the study of decision-making processes and policy science. Decisions are at the heart of Lasswell's theory of power, and the process of decision-making is carefully theorized. Policies, which are the content of decisions, are problem-oriented and comprehensively organized within the overall social process. A representative work in this regard is A Preview of Policy Sciences (1971). (6) Education and systems for training people in politics and administrative positions. This was an area of ​​research to which he was passionate in his middle and later years. In relation to (5) and (6) , The Future of Political Science (1963) raises the issue of training and organizing those who will carry out public policy.

[Joji Kobayashi December 13, 2018]

"Politics: A Dynamic Analysis" by Lasswell, translated by Kinuko Kubota (1959, Iwanami Shoten)" "Power and Man, revised and updated edition, translated by Yonosuke Nagai (1961, Tokyo Sogensha)"

[References] | Policy science | Political power | Content analysis

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの政治学者。イリノイ州ドネルソンに生まれる。1922年シカゴ大学卒業、1926年同大学で博士号獲得。1923~1925年にかけて、ロンドン、ジュネーブ、パリ、ベルリン各大学に留学。1924年シカゴ大学講師、その後助教授、準教授。1946~1970年エール大学教授。1970~1973年ニューヨーク市立大学ジョン・J・カレッジ教授。1973~1975年テンプル大学教授。1955~1956年アメリカ政治学会会長。1970~1972年アメリカ国際法学会会長を務めた。

 研究活動は多面にわたり、その主要な領域は次のとおりである。(1)権力と人格の相互作用。これは精神分析の手法を用いて権力人を分析したもの。著書『権力と人間』(1948)に代表される。(2)政治の理論的枠組みの研究。哲学者A・カプランAbraham Kaplan(1918―1993)との共著『権力と社会』Power and Society(1950)がその例である。(3)エリート研究。これは分析の観点を示すのにとどまらず、1890年以降の世界における政治変動の一つの測定基準とされている。彼の編集した『世界革命のエリート』World Revolutionary Elites(1965)はこの分野を代表する。(4)象徴、コミュニケーション、政治宣伝の研究。この面の研究は初期と中期に多く、数量化による内容分析(量的意味論)が中心の『政治の言語』Language of Politics(共著)はその例である。(5)決定過程の研究と政策科学。「決定」はラスウェルの権力論の中心であり、決定作成の過程が入念に理論化されている。決定の内容である政策は、社会過程の全体のなかで、問題志向的かつ総合的に整序される。この面を代表する著作は『政策科学概論』A Preview of Policy Sciences(1971)である。(6)政治、行政関連職の養成のための教育と制度。これは中期と後期に情熱を注いだ研究領域である。『政治学の将来』The Future of Political Science(1963)は(5)(6)との関連で公共政策の担い手の養成とその組織化を提起している。

[小林丈児 2018年12月13日]

『ラスウェル著、久保田きぬ子訳『政治――動態分析』(1959・岩波書店)』『永井陽之助訳『権力と人間』改訂新版(1961・東京創元社)』

[参照項目] | 政策科学 | 政治権力 | 内容分析

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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