These paintings were produced in northwest India under the patronage of Rajput kings and princes from the 16th century to the first half of the 19th century. The influence of Mughal painting, which developed in the court of the Mughal Empire during the same period, cannot be ignored, but whereas Mughal miniature paintings are realistic and realistic, these paintings are distinctive in that they are religious art for the common people that developed in close connection with Hinduism, particularly worship of the god Vishnu. Therefore, the most beloved theme is the love story between the beautiful young man Krishna (the eighth incarnation of Lord Vishnu) and the cowgirl Radha, which, although depicted in a secular manner, is ultimately depicted as a symbol of faith. In some cases, the love between these two is depicted in the form of a real man and woman, but in these cases, the relationship is divided into several types, and the composition of each screen is precisely regulated. In addition, musical paintings (raag malas) that visualize the melody theory of Indian classical music, "raga," are also created. There are two main schools: the Rajasthani school in the west, and the Bahari school in the northern Punjab and western Himalayan regions, the former also known as the plain school and the latter as the mountain school. These two schools have given rise to many more branches based on the characteristics of their expressive techniques. In general, Rajput miniature paintings are characterized by their use of strong, thin outlines to depict people and animals in a fairly realistic manner, while the houses and trees in the background are stylized. [Shinichi Nagai] [References] |Circa 1750, watercolor on paper, 45.7cm length x 32.1cm width, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art Radha, Krishna's Beloved Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
16世紀から19世紀前半にかけて、北西インドでラージプート諸王侯の保護のもとに制作された絵画。同時期のムガル帝国の宮廷で発達したムガル絵画の影響も無視できないが、ムガルの細密画が現実的・写実的なのに対して、これはヒンドゥー教、とくにビシュヌ神信仰と深く結び付いて発達した、庶民的な宗教美術である点に特色がある。 したがって、もっとも愛好された主題は、若く美しい青年クリシュナ(ビシュヌ神の8番目の化身)と牧女ラーダーとの恋物語で、世俗的な表現をとるものの、あくまでも信仰の象徴として描かれている。この2人の恋を現実の男女の姿に仮託して表現する場合もあるが、そこでは男女関係はいくつかの類型に分けられ、それぞれの画面構成が細かく規定された。また、インド古典音楽の旋律理論「ラーガ」と結び付けて視覚化した楽曲画(ラーグマーラー)もつくられている。 流派は、西部のラージャスターニー派、北部パンジャーブと西部ヒマラヤ地方のバハーリー派に二大別され、前者は平地派、後者は山地派ともよばれる。この2派は、表現技法上の特色によってさらに多くの分派を生んでいる。総じてラージプートの細密画は、鮮明な色彩を濃厚に平面的に塗り、強く細い輪郭線を用いて人物や動物などはかなり写実的に描くが、背景の家や木などは形式化されているのが特色である。 [永井信一] [参照項目] |1750年ころ 紙・水彩 縦45.7×横32.1cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵"> 『クリシュナ最愛のラーダー』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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