Price is one of the four elements of the marketing mix, and there are two aspects to its strategy: setting prices and maintaining or changing prices. First, for new products, there are two possible strategies: (1) top-down pricing, which targets consumers who will buy even at a high price, and (2) market penetration pricing, which sets a low price to quickly increase market share. For other general products, prices are set taking into account costs, demand, consumer sentiment, competition, and product lineups. On the other hand, maintaining or changing prices is also an important aspect of pricing strategies. Companies want to maintain the prices they set as long as possible, but they may be forced to lower prices due to the commoditization of products (becoming everyday items), falling demand, and intensifying competition. Conversely, there are also cases where prices have to be raised due to rising costs. In either case, however, it is necessary to assess the reactions of competitors and consumers and make price changes in relation to other marketing mix elements. (Ikuo Takahashi, Professor, Keio University / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
マーケティング・ミックスの4つの要素のうちの1つが価格であり、その戦略としては、価格の設定と維持・変更の2つの側面がある。まず新製品については、(1)高価格でも購入する消費者にターゲットを定める上澄み吸収価格設定、(2)市場シェアを一気に高めるために低価格を付ける市場浸透価格設定、が考えられる。またその他の一般的な製品の場合は、原価、需要、消費者心理、競争、製品ラインアップなどを考慮して価格が設定される。他方、価格の維持・変更も重要な価格戦略の側面。企業は一度設定した価格はなるべく維持したいと考えるが、製品のコモディティ化(日用品化)、需要の落ち込み、競争の激化等の理由で値下げを余儀なくされることもある。また反対に、コストの上昇などにより値上げせざるを得ない場合もある。しかしいずれの場合にも、競合他社や消費者の反応を見極め、他のマーケティング・ミックス要素との関連を考えて価格変更を行う必要がある。
(高橋郁夫 慶應義塾大学教授 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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