Scharnhorst, Gerhard Hans David von

Japanese: シャルンホルスト（英語表記）Scharnhorst， Gerhard Hans David von

Born: November 12, 1755 Bordenau
[Died] June 28, 1813, Prague. German Prussian military officer. He fought against the French revolutionary army in Belgium as an artillery officer in Hanover, and later became chief of staff. In 1801, he joined the Prussian army, and his military theory was recognized and he became head of the military academy. In 1806, he served in the war against Napoleon as a staff officer to Marshal G. Blücher, and in 1807 he became chief of staff and carried out a major reform of the Prussian military system in cooperation with K. Stein, K. Hardenberg, and A. Gneisenau. During the War of Liberation, he again served as chief of staff to Marshal Blücher and led the Battle of Lützen, but was wounded and died in Prague while negotiating with Austria. He abolished aristocratic education in the army, and created a national army with a new education system and general staff, and the foundation of a new German military science. It was later perfected by K. Clausewitz and Moltke the Elder.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1755.11.12. ボルデナウ
[没]1813.6.28. プラハ
ドイツ，プロシアの軍人。ハノーバーの砲兵将校としてベルギーでフランス革命軍と戦い，のち参謀長。 1801年プロシア軍に入り，その軍事理論を認められて士官学校長となった。 06年 G.ブリュッヒャー元帥の参謀として対ナポレオン戦争に出征，07年参謀総長となり，K.シュタイン，K.ハルデンベルク，A.グナイゼナウらと協力してプロシア軍制の大改革を断行。解放戦争に際し，再びブリュッヒャー元帥の参謀長としてリュッツェンの戦いを指導したが負傷し，プラハでオーストリアと交渉中に没した。彼は軍隊内の貴族的教育を排し，新しい教育制度と参謀本部をもつ国民軍と，新しいドイツ兵学の基礎をつくった。それはのちに K.クラウゼウィッツや大モルトケによって大成された。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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