The name of a tribe that lived mainly in Rajasthan, India. They are said to have migrated from Central Asia to India around the 5th century and settled mainly in present-day Rajasthan. They established many dynasties in northern and western India, and were at the center of northern Indian politics until the establishment of Muslim dynasties with Delhi as their capital from the 13th century onwards. One famous dynasty was the Pratihara dynasty, which dominated the northern Indian plains from the mid-8th century, competing for supremacy with the Pala dynasty in Bengal and the Rashtrakuta dynasty in the Deccan, and eventually formed a great kingdom that dominated northern and central India. When the Pratihara dynasty declined in the 10th century, the Chalukya dynasty in Gujarat, the Paramara dynasty in Malwa, the Chandela dynasty in northern India, and the Chahamana dynasty in Rajasthan became independent. In 1192, when Muhammad Ghori of the Ghor dynasty invaded India, the Rajput forces fought against him under the leadership of their king Prithviraj, but were defeated. After that, they repeatedly fought against Muslim dynasties. Emperor Aurangzeb also fought against the Rajput kingdoms, espousing Islamic orthodoxy, but in the turbulent period following the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Rajput kingdoms were subject to external interference from Maratha and Afghan forces, leading to chaos and devastation. After 1818, the Rajput kingdoms became princely states (Indian princely states) under British colonial rule, and were annexed to India after India's independence in 1947. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インド,ラージャスターン州を中心に居住する部族名。5世紀頃中央アジアからインドに移動し,現在のラージャスターン州を中心に定住したといわれる。北インド,西インドにかけて多くの王朝を建設し,13世紀以降デリーを都とするムスリム諸王朝の樹立まで北インド政治の中心をなした。有名な王朝としてプラティーハーラ朝があり,8世紀中頃から北インド平原を支配して,ベンガルのパーラ朝,デカンのラーシュトラクータ朝と覇を競い,ついに北インド,中央インドを支配する大王国を形成した。10世紀にプラティーハーラ朝が衰えるとグジャラート地方にチャールキヤ朝,マールワ地方にパラマーラ朝,北インドにチャンデーラ朝,ラージャスターン地方にチャーハマーナ朝などが独立した。1192年ゴール朝のムハンマド(→ムハンマド・ゴーリー)がインドに侵入するとラージプート諸勢力は王であるプリトビーラージを中心として戦ったが敗北し,その後ムスリム諸王朝と抗争を繰り返した。またアウラングゼーブ帝はイスラム正統主義を標榜してラージプート諸王国と争ったが,ムガル帝国衰退後の動乱期にはマラータやアフガンなどの諸勢力による外部からの干渉も受け,ラージプート諸王国は混乱,荒廃した。1818年以降ラージプート諸王国はイギリス植民地支配下で藩王国(→インド藩王国)となり,1947年のインド独立後にインドに併合された。
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