A city in the state of Saxony in eastern Germany. It is located about 180 km southwest of Berlin by rail, near the confluence of the three rivers Weisselster, Pleisse, and Parte. Founded as a Slavic settlement, a fortress was built in 1015, and the city gained city rights between 1156 and 1170, after which it developed as a commercial center. From 1952 to 1990 it was the capital of Leipzig Province (formerly East Germany). The international trade fair, known as the largest in Germany before World War II, is also said to have originated around 1170. The international trade fair is still held twice a year, in the spring and autumn. The publishing and printing industry, which flourished from the end of the 17th century, is also important, making the city an economic and cultural center in eastern Germany. Leipzig University (founded in 1409; Karl Marx University Leipzig from 1953 to 1990) is a graduate school of Leibniz, Goethe, Fichte, and R. Wagner, among others. It also has a library with 20 million books and other excellent educational and research institutions. Museums, theaters such as the opera house, and the Gewandhaus continue the traditions of the city, which was once called "Little Paris." In industry, Leipzig is the center of the industrial region of Central Saxony along with Halle, and is a major producer of heavy machinery, transport machinery, electrical equipment, clothing, and chemical products. Many historical buildings were destroyed in World War II, but the church of St. Thomas (13th century), where JS Bach served as music director for 27 years, the 16th century town hall, and the Auerbach Keller tavern, the setting for Goethe's Faust, have been restored. Population: 518,862 (2010). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ドイツ東部,ザクセン州の都市。ベルリンの南西,鉄道で約 180km,ワイセエルスター,プライセ,パルテの3河川の合流点付近に位置する。スラブ人の集落として興り,1015年に要塞が築かれ,1156~70年に都市権を得,以後商業中心地として発達。 1952~90年ライプチヒ県 (旧東ドイツ) の県都。第2次世界大戦前,ドイツ最大のものとして知られた国際見本市も,1170年頃に起源をもつとされる。国際見本市は現在も春秋2回ずつ開かれている。 17世紀末から盛んになった出版印刷業も重要で,ドイツ東部における経済,文化の中心地となっている。ライプニッツ,ゲーテ,フィヒテ,R.ワーグナーなどを輩出したライプチヒ大学 (1409創立。 1953~90にはカルル・マルクス大学ライプチヒ) ,蔵書 2000万冊を誇る図書館をはじめ各種のすぐれた教育研究機関があり,博物館,歌劇場などの劇場,ゲバントハウスなどにも,かつて「小パリ」と称された頃からの伝統が継承されている。工業ではハレとともに中部ザクセン工業地域の中心をなし,重機械,輸送機械,電気機器,衣料,化学製品の生産が盛んである。第2次世界大戦で多くの歴史的建造物が破壊されたが,J.S.バッハが 27年間音楽監督を務めた聖トマス教会 (13世紀) ,16世紀の市庁舎,ゲーテの『ファウスト』の舞台となった居酒屋アウエルバッハ・ケラーなどが修復されている。人口 51万8862(2010)。
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