Public fire hydrants are hydrants installed in water supply pipes for the purpose of firefighting. They are an especially important artificial water facility for urban fire prevention. Public fire hydrants are divided into two types: above-ground and underground. Above-ground fire hydrants are usually installed at the boundary between the sidewalk and the roadway. This has the advantages of being easy to find at night or during snowfall, quick work, and not requiring costs for cleaning and marking, but on the other hand, freezing in winter is a problem. On the other hand, underground fire hydrants, which are installed on roads without sidewalks, have a fire hydrant room installed underground, with the outlet necessary for attaching the suction pipe installed inside. They do not freeze in winter or cause obstacles on the road surface, but are difficult to find at night or during snowfall. Private fire hydrants are installed in large buildings for self-defense firefighting, and are broadly classified as indoor and outdoor fire hydrants. There are various types of water supply to these hydrants, such as storing water from the mains in an underground water tank and sending it to the hydrants on each floor with a water supply pump, pumping water from groundwater or the mains into a gravity tank on the roof and using gravity to send water to each hydrant, or sending water from an upper pressure tank using an air compressor. [Kishiyama Koichi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
公設消火栓は消火の目的のために上水道の給水管に設けられた消防隊用のための栓のこと。人工水利のうちで都市防火水利としてとくに重要な施設である。公設消火栓は地上式、地下式の2種に分かれる。地上式消火栓は通常、歩道と車道の境界に設置される。これは、夜間あるいは降雪時などの場合にも発見が容易なうえに作業も速くでき、清掃や標識などに費用がかからないなどの利点があるが、反面、冬季の凍結が問題である。一方、歩道がない道路などに設けられる地下式消火栓は、消火栓室を地下に設け、その中に吸水管の取り付けに必要な放水口などを設置したもので、冬季凍結や路面上の障害はないが、夜間や積雪時には発見が困難である。 私設消火栓は大規模な建築物などに自衛消防のため設けるもので、分類については屋内消火栓と屋外消火栓に大別される。これらの消火栓への給水には、水道からの水を地下の貯水槽にため、そこから給水ポンプで各階の消火栓へ送るものや、屋上の重力タンクに地下水、あるいは水道から水源をとってくみ上げ、重力を利用して各消火栓に水を送ったり、上部圧力タンクから空気コンプレッサーを用いて送ったりするものなど、いろいろの形式がある。 [岸谷孝一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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