Garland, Judy

Japanese: ガーランド（英語表記）Garland, Judy

Born June 10, 1922 in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA
[Died] June 22, 1969. London, England. American singer and film actress. One of the most iconic actresses in 20th century Hollywood. Her real name was Frances Ethel Gumm. She was born to vaudeville parents. She made her singing debut at the age of two and a half at her father's New Grand Theatre, and was highly praised as a singer at the age of ten. In 1935, she signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), and made her debut in a short film in 1936. She later gained popularity by co-starring with Mickey Rooney. In 1939, she starred in the film The Wizard of Oz, for which she won a special Academy Award. This film, coupled with the theme song "Over the Rainbow," which she sang herself, became a hit, and became one of the most beloved classic films. Her last work as a child actor was the musical film Meet Me in St. Louis, directed by Vincente Minnelli in 1944. In 1945, she married director Minnelli and had a daughter, Liza Minnelli, who later became an actress. In the 1940s, she was MGM's top earner, but was fired in 1950. She then worked on stage, but returned in 1954 for the Warner Brothers musical A Star Is Born, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. She was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Judgment at Nuremberg (1961). As a singer, she had a number of hits between 1939 and 1967. She won a Grammy Award for Best Female Vocal Performance for her 1961 Carnegie Hall concert album.

Garland
Garland, Hamlin

Born September 14, 1860 in West Salem, Wisconsin.
Died March 4, 1940. Hollywood American author. Born into a farming family, he moved around the Midwest as the frontier moved, but later moved to the East and established himself as a writer. His collections of short stories, Main-Travelled Roads (1891), Prairie Folks (93), and his novel Rose of Dutcher's Coolly (95), all depict rural life, demonstrating his realist character with a strong regional flavor. In his collection of essays, Crumbling Idols (94), he advocated veritism, which seeks to portray the truth from the author's subjectivity, as opposed to Howells's realism, which advocates faithful recording of objective facts, and contributed to the development of realist theory. His other works include the excellent autobiographies A Son of the Middle Border (1917), A Daughter of the Middle Border (21, Pulitzer Prize), and a collection of his diaries, Roadside Meetings of a Literary Nomad (30).

Garland
Garland

A city adjacent to the north of Dallas, Texas, United States. It was a commercial center in the fertile grain belt, but developed in the 1950s and became home to various industries such as electronics, chemicals, and scientific instruments. Population: 226,876 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1922.6.10. アメリカ合衆国，ミネソタ，グランドラピッズ
[没]1969.6.22. イギリス，ロンドン
アメリカ合衆国の歌手，映画女優。20世紀のハリウッド映画界を象徴する女優の一人。本名 Frances Ethel Gumm。ボードビリアンの両親のもとに生まれた。2歳半で父が経営するニュー・グランド劇場で歌手デビュー，10歳のとき歌手として絶賛された。1935年にメトロ＝ゴールドウィン＝メイヤー MGMと契約を交わし，1936年に短編映画でデビュー。その後，ミッキー・ルーニーと共演して人気を博す。1939年に映画『オズの魔法使』The Wizard of Ozに主演し，アカデミー賞特別賞に輝いた。この作品は自身がうたった主題歌『虹の彼方に』Over the Rainbowと相まってヒットし，最も愛される古典映画の一つとなった。1944年に出演したビンセント・ミネリ監督のミュージカル映画『若草の頃』Meet Me in St. Louisは子役最後の作品となった。1945年ミネリ監督と結婚，のちに女優となる娘ライザ・ミネリをもうけた。1940年代には MGMの稼ぎ頭となったが，1950年に解雇された。その後は舞台で活躍したが，1954年にワーナー・ブラザースのミュージカル映画『スタア誕生』A Star Is Bornで復帰，アカデミー賞主演女優賞にノミネートされた。ほかに，映画『ニュールンベルグ裁判』Judgment at Nuremberg（1961）でアカデミー賞助演女優賞にノミネートされた。歌手としては，1939～67年にたびたびヒット曲を出した。1961年に行なわれたカーネギー・ホールでのコンサートのアルバムで，グラミー賞最優秀女性歌唱賞を受賞した。

ガーランド
Garland， Hamlin

[生]1860.9.14. ウィスコンシン，ウェストセーレム
[没]1940.3.4. ハリウッド
アメリカの作家。農家に生れ開拓線の移動とともに中西部を転々としたが，のち東部に出て，文学で身を立てた。短編集『本街道』 Main-Travelled Roads (1891) ，『大草原の人々』 Prairie Folks (93) ，長編『ダッチャー家のローズ』 Rose of Dutcher's Coolly (95) は，いずれも農村の生活に取材したもので，地方色豊かなリアリストの面目を示している。評論集『くずれゆく偶像』 Crumbling Idols (94) では，客観的事実の忠実な記録を説くハウエルズ流のリアリズムに対し，作者の主体性において真実を描こうとするベリティズム veritismを主張，リアリズム理論の展開に貢献した。そのほか，すぐれた自伝『中部辺境の息子』A Son of the Middle Border (1917) や『中部辺境の娘』A Daughter of the Middle Border (21，ピュリッツァー賞) ，日記をまとめた『文学的放浪者の路傍での出会い』 Roadside Meetings of a Literary Nomad (30) などがある。