Yolka (English spelling)

Japanese: ヨールカ(英語表記)yolka
Yolka (English spelling)
A Russian festival. In Russian, it means "little fir tree," but in Russia, yolka also refers to a festival held around a young cut fir tree decorated with light bulbs and snowflakes at the end of the year and beginning of the new year, mainly for children. It is a variation of the Christmas tree custom that was introduced to Russia from Western Europe around 1840. Originally, in Russia, the two-week period from Christmas to Epiphany was called Svyatki, and apart from various church events, there was a custom of fortune-telling for the new year and celebrating the abundance of agricultural crops, so Western-style trees were easily accepted, especially in cities.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
ロシアの祭りの一つ。ロシア語で〈小さなモミの木〉を意味するが,ロシアにおいては,切り出したモミの若木に豆電球や綿雪などで飾りつけをほどこし,そのまわりで年末と年始に主として子どものためにもよおす祭りをもヨールカと称する。1840年ころに西ヨーロッパからロシアに伝わったクリスマス・ツリーの風習の変形である。もともとロシアでは,キリスト降誕節(クリスマス)から主顕節までの約2週間をスビャートキSvyatkiと呼んで,教会でのさまざまな行事とは別に,新しい年の吉凶を占ったり農作物の豊穣を予祝したりする習慣があり,西欧風のツリーも都市を中心に容易に受け入れられた。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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