Johanna

Japanese: ヨハンナ（英語表記）Johanna

A legendary female pope. She is said to have reigned for two and a half years between Leo IV and Benedict III in the mid-9th century. She was first mentioned in the early 13th century French Dominican Stephen of Bourbon's Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit, in which she was elected pope around 1100, but was pregnant, gave birth during a procession to the Lateran Palace, and was stoned to death by people. This story then spread, and she was given the name Joanna until the 14th century (although other versions call her Agnes, Gilberta, etc.). According to the legend, Joanna was an Englishwoman (one version says she was born in Mainz), fell in love with a Benedictine, went to Athens with him, studied, and became a cardinal and then pope in Rome. When the date was written into the papal table, it was placed in the mid-9th century. Boccaccio and Petrarch also believed in this legend, and it was a source of controversy among Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was the Calvinist D. Blondel (1647) who thoroughly demonstrated that it was not historical fact.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

伝説上の女教皇。9世紀中頃レオ4世とベネディクツス3世の間に2年半在位したとされる。 13世紀前半のフランスのドミニコ会士ブルボンのステファヌスの著『聖霊の7つの賜物』に初めて記された。そこでは 1100年頃教皇に選ばれたが懐胎していた彼女は，ラテラノ宮への行列の途上で出産し，人々に石で打殺されたとされる。その後この話は普及し，14世紀まではヨハンナという名がつけられ (異伝ではアニェス，ジルベルタなど) ，その伝説ではヨハンナはイギリス人 (一説に生地はマインツ) であり，ベネディクト会士に恋し，ともにアテネに行き，学殖を積み，ローマで枢機卿から教皇になったという。年代を教皇表のなかに書込まれる際，9世紀なかばにおかれた。ボッカチオやペトラルカもこの伝説を信じていたし，16～17世紀にはプロテスタントの論争材料とされた。これが史実でないことを徹底的に立証したのは，カルバン派の D.ブロンデル (1647) である。

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