Born: February 3, 1857 in Copenhagen Died: November 11, 1927. Copenhagen Danish botanist and geneticist. For financial reasons, he did not study at university, but instead became an apprentice to a pharmacist and obtained his qualifications. During that time, he taught himself chemistry and botany, and completed plant physiology under W. Puffer at the University of Tübingen. He was a lecturer at the Agricultural Research Institute in Denmark (1893) and a professor at the University of Copenhagen (1905-25). He proved that a population created by self-pollination from a single seed is genetically uniform, and called this a pure line (03). He distinguished between the two, calling this the genotype and the external characteristics of each individual the phenotype, as they are identical even though they may look different. He believed that the genotype is made up of many units, and named it the gene. The concepts of gene, genotype, and phenotype, which he founded, have remained fundamental concepts in genetics even after the establishment of the chromosomal theory of inheritance. His book "Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre" (09) contributed greatly to the establishment of the concept of genes. It supported H. de Vries's theory that mutations are a factor in evolution. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1857.2.3. コペンハーゲン [没]1927.11.11. コペンハーゲン デンマークの植物学者,遺伝学者。経済的理由で大学で学ぶことなく,薬剤師の徒弟となり,薬剤師の資格を得る。その間,化学,植物学を独学し,テュービンゲン大学の W.プェッファーのもとで植物生理学を修める。デンマークの農業研究所講師 (1893) ,コペンハーゲン大学教授 (1905~25) 。単一の種子から自家受粉によってつくりだした集団は遺伝的に均一であることを証明し,これを純系と呼ぶ (03) 。純系に属する個体はその外観は異なっていても遺伝的な性質は同一であるとして,これを遺伝子型と呼び,それに対して個々の個体の外見的特徴を表現型と呼んで,両者を区別した。遺伝子型は多数の単位より成り立っていると考え,これに遺伝子と名づけた。彼の創始になる,遺伝子,遺伝子型,表現型などの概念は,遺伝の染色体説確立後の遺伝学においても基本的な概念となっている。『精密遺伝学原理』 Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre (09) は,遺伝子概念の確立に大きく寄与した。進化の要因として突然変異を考える H.ド・フリースの説を支持した。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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