Yunnan-Gui Plateau

Japanese: 雲貴高原 - うんきこうげん
Yunnan-Gui Plateau

A plateau that spreads across southwestern China. It covers the entirety of Guizhou Province, eastern Yunnan Province, Hunan Province, and parts of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The average altitude is 1,000 to 2,000 meters. The plateau is undulating, and the surface is a karst region with limestone distributed over a wide area. The limestone dissolves under the warm and humid climate conditions, and there are many scenic spots known for the beauty of their oddly shaped rocks and bizarre stones, such as the Lu'nan Stone Forest, Huangguoshu Waterfall, and the mountains and rivers of Guilin. The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is the watershed between three river systems: the Yangtze River (Changjiang), the Pearl River (Zhujiang), and the Yuanjiang (Song Khoi River in Vietnam). The rivers of each river system flow out into the plateau, forming gorges, and there are many places where rivers flow underground.

There are basins (karst dolines) called basins (basins with a karst topography) scattered across the plateau. The bottoms of the basins are flat and the soil is thick, which has led to the development of agriculture and the concentration of population. The largest basin is the Kunming Basin. There are many basins in Guizhou Province, but they are small in size, with the largest being around 50 square kilometers and the smallest being around 2 square kilometers. Rice, corn, wheat, beans, potatoes, etc. are cultivated in the basins, while tobacco, tea, cotton, and corn are abundant in the mountainous areas. There are five trunk railway lines connecting Chengkun, Guikun, Nankun, Qiangui, and Kunhe, and there are also branch lines. The road network is also well developed.

[Aoki Chieko and Kono Michihiro]

The strange peaks of Guilin
A strange sight unique to the limestone region that stands in forest along the riverbank. Part of the World Natural Heritage "Southern China Karst" (China, registered in 2007 and 2014) Guilin, China ©Shogakukan ">

The strange peaks of Guilin


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国南西部に広がる高原。貴州(きしゅう/コイチョウ)省全域、雲南(うんなん/ユンナン)省東部および湖南(こなん/フーナン)省、広西(こうせい/カンシー)チワン族自治区の一部に及ぶ。平均標高1000~2000メートル。高原上は起伏に富み、地表には石灰岩が広範囲にわたって分布するカルスト地域である。温暖多湿の気候条件のもとで石灰岩の溶解が進み、路南石林、黄果樹瀑布(こうかじゅばくふ)、桂林(けいりん/コイリン)の山水など、奇岩怪石の美で知られる名勝が多い。雲貴高原は長江(ちょうこう/チャンチヤン)(揚子江(ようすこう/ヤンツーチヤン))と珠江(しゅこう/チューチヤン)および元江(ベトナムのソン・コイ川)の3水系の分水嶺(ぶんすいれい)にあたるため、各水系に属する河川が流出し峡谷を形成しており、地下を流れる箇所も多くみられる。

 高原上には壩子(はし/パーツ)とよばれる盆地(カルスト地形のドリーネ)が散在する。盆地の底は平坦(へいたん)であり、土層も厚いため農業が発達し、人口が集中している。最大の壩子は昆明(こんめい/クンミン)盆地である。貴州省内に壩子の数は多いが規模は小さく、大型で50平方キロメートル前後、小型は2平方キロメートルほどである。壩子内では米、トウモロコシ、小麦、豆類、ジャガイモなどを栽培し、山地ではタバコ、茶、綿花、トウモロコシの産が多い。交通は成昆、貴昆、南昆、黔桂(けんけい)、昆河(こんか)の5幹線鉄道が通じ、支線もある。道路網も発達している。

[青木千枝子・河野通博]

桂林の奇峰群
江河岸に林立する石灰岩地域特有の奇観。世界自然遺産「中国南部カルスト」の一部(中国・2007、2014年登録) 中国 桂林©Shogakukan">

桂林の奇峰群


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