Reserved in mind - Shinriryuho

Japanese: 心裡留保 - しんりりゅうほ
Reserved in mind - Shinriryuho

An expression of intention made with the knowledge that the expression will be understood to have a different meaning from the person's true intention (the intention and the expression are inconsistent). For example, an expression of intention to give a gift when one does not actually intend to give a gift, or an expression of intention to buy and sell when one does not actually intend to sell. In principle, a reservation of intention does not affect the effectiveness of the act, and the expression of intention is valid. In the previous example, even if a person expresses his intention to give a gift without actually intending to give a gift, the gift is valid, and even if a person expresses his intention to buy and sell without intending to sell, the sale is valid (Article 93, main text of the Civil Code). However, it is not necessary to hold an intention valid until the other party knows the true intention (true intention) of the person who expressed the intention, or could have known it with care but did not know it, so in such cases the expression of intention is invalid (Article 93, proviso of the same law). In addition, acts related to one's status, such as marriage and adoption, are invalid if they are performed with a reservation of intention.

[Takahisa Awaji]

[Reference item] | Expression of intention

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

表示行為が、表意者の真意と異なる意味に理解されること(意思と表示とが不一致であること)を知りながらする意思表示。たとえば、本当は贈与するつもりはないのに贈与の意思表示をしたり、売るつもりはないのに売買の意思表示をする場合などである。心裡留保はその行為の効力に原則として影響を及ぼさず、その意思表示は原則として有効である。前例で、本当は贈与するつもりがなくて贈与の意思表示をした場合にも贈与は有効であり、売るつもりがなくて売買の意思表示をした場合にも売買は有効である(民法93条本文)。しかし、相手方が表意者の本当の意思(真意)を知り、あるいは注意すれば知りえたのに知らなかったときまでこれを有効とする必要はないから、このような場合には意思表示は無効となる(同法93条但書)。なお、婚姻とか養子縁組などのような身分上の行為は、心裡留保によってなされた場合には無効となる。

[淡路剛久]

[参照項目] | 意思表示

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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