Aquaculture

Japanese: 養殖 - ようしょく

The artificial propagation of aquatic organisms by rearing them. The reproduction of aquatic organisms in a natural environment is promoted through technology or laws and regulations, and the quantity is increased, which is called propagation. The rearing of caught aquatic organisms in a partitioned area of water and selling them when the market price rises is called farming. Aquaculture is broadly divided into inland aquaculture (freshwater) and marine aquaculture. The former includes pond farming (carp, rainbow trout, sweetfish, dace, eel, goldfish, various tropical fish, soft-shelled turtles, bullfrogs), paddy field farming (carp, loach), and extensive reservoir ponds, tidal ponds, and river farming (carp, mullet, crucian carp). The latter includes pond culture using land-based culture ponds or abandoned salt fields (black porgy, mullet, sea bass, kuruma prawn), compartment culture partitioned by dikes or nets (yellowtail, red sea bream, tiger pufferfish), suspended culture using rafts or ropes (oysters, pearl oysters, sea squirts, wakame seaweed, sponges), culture using nets or fences (nori seaweed, oysters), and sea-battery culture using tidal flats or shallow waters (oysters, clams, cockles, Japanese scallops). Pond culture can also be run-of-the-water or semi-run-of-the-water. Usually, spawning, raising of young fish or larvae, and raising of edible fish and shellfish are carried out in separate locations, and growth is affected by environmental conditions such as stocking density, feeding amount, and water temperature. Aquaculture is most developed in Japan. → Fish farming / Cultured pearls / Eel farming
→ Related topics Fishing | Fisheries | Marino Forum 21

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

水産生物を飼養して，人工的に繁殖させること。水産生物の繁殖を自然の環境内で，技術的あるいは法令，規則などにより助長し，数量の増加を行うことは増殖と呼び，また漁獲された水産生物を区画された水面に飼養し，市場価格の上昇時に販売することは蓄養と呼んで区別する。養殖は内水面養殖（淡水）と海面養殖に大別。前者には池中養殖（コイ，ニジマス，アユ，ウグイ，ウナギ，キンギョ，各種熱帯魚，スッポン，ウシガエル），水田養殖（コイ，ドジョウ），粗放な溜池(ためいけ)，干潟池，河川での養殖（コイ，ボラ，フナ）がある。後者には陸上の養殖池や廃止塩田を用いた池中養殖（クロダイ，ボラ，スズキ，クルマエビ），海面を堤防や網で仕切った区画養殖（ブリ，マダイ，トラフグ），筏(いかだ)や縄を用いた垂下式養殖（カキ，アコヤガイ，ホヤ，ワカメ，カイメン），網やそだ【ひび】建による養殖（ノリ，カキ），干潟や浅海面を利用した地撒(じまき)式養殖（カキ，アサリ，ハマグリ，サルボオ，ホタテガイ）がある。池中養殖では流水式，半流水式もある。ふつう，産卵，稚魚または幼生の育成，食用魚介の養成などは別々の場所で行われることが多く，成長は放養密度，投餌量，水温など環境条件により影響される。養殖業は日本において最も発達している。→栽培漁業／養殖真珠／養鰻(ようまん)
→関連項目漁業｜水産業｜マリノフォーラム21

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