Al-Murābi

Japanese: ムラービト朝 - むらーびとちょう(英語表記)al-Murābi
Al-Murābi

A dynasty (1056-1147) established by the Sanhaja people, a Berber nomadic people of Western Sahara. In Spanish, it is called Almoravid. At the beginning of the 11th century, the Sanhaja leader Yahya met the Maliki jurist Abu Imran in Kairawan, Tunisia, on his way back from a pilgrimage to Mecca. Driven by religious fervor, he decided to indoctrinate his tribesmen with Islam. He returned to his hometown with the Moroccan scholar Ibn Yasin, whom Abu Imran had introduced to him, and built a ribat (monastery) on a small island at the mouth of the Senegal River, where he trained his monks (called Murabitun, the origin of the dynasty's name) in Islam and strict asceticism. They were also called Mutarassimun (meaning veiled people) because they wore veils.

Later, under the authority of Ibn Yasin, he preached jihad (holy war), went south and destroyed the Kingdom of Ghana (1076), paving the way for the Islamization of sub-Saharan Africa. His army led by Ibn Tashfin went north, conquered Morocco and the western half of Algeria, and founded the capital, Marrakech (around 1070). He then went to Spain (1086), and by 1094 had succeeded in conquering and controlling Al-Andalus in southern Spain. The control of Al-Andalus allowed the advanced Islamic culture of Al-Andalus (especially architectural techniques) to flow into North Africa. The recognition of the Abbasid Caliphate, the support of Maliki jurisprudence, and the elimination of indigenous heretical forces brought about the unification of the Maghreb by Sunni Islam. With the conquest complete, the Arabs lost their religious fervor and their military power also weakened, and they were destroyed by the emerging Almohad dynasty.

[Masatoshi Iiichi]

[References] | Abbasid Caliphate | Sunni sect | Maliki school | Almohad dynasty

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

西サハラのベルベル系遊牧民サンハージャ人の建てた王朝(1056~1147)。スペイン語でアルモラビデAlmorávideという。11世紀の初め、サンハージャ人の指導者ヤフヤーは、メッカ巡礼の帰途、チュニジアのカイラワーンでマーリキー学派の法学者アブー・イムラーンと会い、宗教的情熱に駆られてイスラムによる部族民の教化を決意した。アブー・イムラーンが紹介したモロッコの学者イブン・ヤーシーンを連れて故郷に戻ると、セネガル川の河口の小島にリバート(修道所)を建て、イスラムと厳格な禁欲主義によって修道士たち(ムラービトゥーンとよばれ、王朝名の起源)を養成した。彼らはベールをしていたのでムタラッスィムーン(ベールをした人々の意)ともよばれた。

 やがてイブン・ヤーシーンの権威下にジハード(聖戦)を唱え、南下してガーナ王国を滅ぼし(1076)、サハラ以南アフリカのイスラム化への道を開いた。またイブン・ターシュフィーンに率いられた軍隊は北上し、モロッコとアルジェリアの西半分を征服し、首都マラケシュを建設した(1070ころ)。彼はさらにスペインに渡り(1086)、1094年までにスペイン南部アル・アンダルスの征服、支配に成功した。アル・アンダルス支配は、アル・アンダルスの進んだイスラム文化(とくに建築技術)を北アフリカに流入させた。アッバース朝のカリフ権承認、マーリキー学派法学の支持、および土着の異端的諸勢力を消滅させたことは、マグリブ(マグレブ)にスンニー派イスラムによる統一をもたらした。征服が完了し、宗教的情熱を喪失するとともに軍事力も衰え、新興のムワッヒド朝に滅ぼされた。

[私市正年]

[参照項目] | アッバース朝 | スンニー派 | マーリキー学派 | ムワッヒド朝

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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