Ulysses - Ulysses (English spelling)

Japanese: ユリシーズ - ゆりしーず(英語表記)Ulysses
Ulysses - Ulysses (English spelling)

A full-length novel by Irish novelist James Joyce. Parts of the novel were first serialized in the American magazine The Little Review and the British magazine The Egoist, and then published in Paris in 1922 to avoid the eyes of the censors. It depicts the 24 hours on June 16, 1904 of Leopold Bloom, a middle-aged Jewish advertising man living in Dublin, within the framework of The Odyssey. Bloom, a petty, comical, and sad cuckolded man who is the opposite of the epic heroes of myth, wanders in search of his spiritual child, and Stephen, who corresponds to Telemachus, wanders in search of his spiritual father, and are absorbed into the dream monologue of Molly Bloom's wife, who symbolizes the very fertility of women (a sort of unchaste Penelope).

The work is divided into three parts and 18 episodes, faithfully following the original (when it was serialized, each episode had the same title as the Odyssey, such as "The Drifting Rock" and "Aeolus"). The first part focuses on Stephen, the second on Leopold, and the third on the encounter between the two. It parodies and corresponds to the original down to the smallest detail. It also uses other originals such as "The Flying Jew" and "Hamlet," and as Eliot says ("Order, Myth in Ulysses" 1923), it can be called a mythological method, "using myth to give order to the emptiness and chaos of modern history in a continuous parallel relationship between modern and ancient times," and it can also be seen as an extreme use of "intertextual" techniques.

With this large framework in mind, his stylistic experiments are spectacular, challenging every dimension of the English language through parodies of women's magazines, catechisms, the Creed, epics, and the history of English style. In terms of linguistic virtuosity and grandeur of conception, he brought about a shocking revolution in the novel genre. In particular, the seamless style of Molly's final monologue can be said to suggest his next work, Finnegans Wake. This is a remarkable achievement that has significantly expanded the scope of not only novels but literature in general.

[Hiroshi Debuchi]

"Ulysses" translated by Saiichi Maruya, Reiji Nagakawa, and Yuichi Takamatsu, 3 volumes (1996-97, Shueisha)

[References] | The Odyssey | Joyce

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アイルランドの小説家ジェームズ・ジョイスの長編小説。初めアメリカの雑誌『リトル・レビュー』、イギリスの雑誌『エゴイスト』に一部が連載され、検閲の目を避けて、パリで1922年に刊行。ダブリンに住む中年のユダヤ人広告業者レオポルド・ブルームの、1904年6月16日の24時間を『オデュッセイア』の枠組みに当てはめて描いたもの。神話の壮大な英雄とは逆の、卑小で滑稽(こっけい)で悲しい寝取られ男ブルームが精神上の子を求める彷徨(ほうこう)と、テレマコスにあたるスティーブンの精神上の父を求める散策とが交錯し、女の豊饒(ほうじょう)そのものを象徴するブルーム夫人モリー(いわば貞節でないペネロペイア)の夢の独白のなかに吸収される。

 この作品は全体が3部に分かれ、挿話が18に分かれている点では、原型を忠実になぞっている(連載時には各挿話に「漂流する岩」「風神(アイオロス)」などのような『オデュッセイア』と同じ題がついていた)。第1部はスティーブンを、第2部はレオポルドを中心にしており、第3部は2人の邂逅(かいこう)を扱っている。そして細部に至るまで原型をパロディー化しながら照応させている。それ以外に『さまよえるユダヤ人』『ハムレット』などの原型も利用しており、エリオットのいうように(「『ユリシーズ』秩序、神話」〈1923〉)「神話を用いて現代と古代の間の一つの持続的な平行関係において、現代史の空虚と混沌(こんとん)に秩序を与える」神話的方法とよぶことができるし、また「間テクスト的な(インターテクスチュアル)」技法を極限まで用いたものとみることができる。

 このような大きな枠組みを設定したうえで、文体の実験は壮絶なもので、婦人雑誌、教義問答、使徒信経、叙事詩、あるいは英語文体史のパロディーというぐあいに英語のあらゆる次元に挑んでおり、言語技術面での名人芸とともに構想の雄大さにおいて、小説ジャンルに衝撃的な革命をもたらした。とりわけ最後のモリーの独白の切れ目のない文体は、次作『フィネガンズ・ウェーク』を示唆するものといえよう。小説のみならず文学全般の領域を著しくひろげ得た、目覚ましい業績である。

[出淵 博]

『丸谷才一・永川玲二・高松雄一訳『ユリシーズ』全3巻(1996~97・集英社)』

[参照項目] | オデュッセイア | ジョイス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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