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A production increase movement was carried out in the liberated areas during the War of Resistance against Japan in China. From 1937 to 1945, the Chinese Communist Party aimed to increase production in the liberated areas, and created a Labor Heroes system modeled on the Stakhanov Movement in the Soviet Union, and awarded Labor Heroes every year. At the first Labor Heroes Conference held in Yan'an in 1943, the poor peasant Wu Manyou was chosen as the top agricultural labor model. He reclaimed wasteland in the Shaan-Gan-Ning border area, valued labor, and demonstrated the possibility of going from poor peasants to new-style wealthy farmers through rational management. At the time, the Chinese Communist Party temporarily suspended land reform at the request of the United Front and focused all its efforts on developing agricultural production. It was in this environment that the poem "Wu Manyou" was written in 1943. It is said that Wu Manyou was subsequently arrested by the Kuomintang army, but his whereabouts are unclear.

[Ryuzo Yamashita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、抗日戦争の時期に解放区で展開された生産増強運動。中国共産党は1937～45年、解放区での生産増強を目ざし、ソ連のスタハノフ運動に倣って労働英雄制度をつくり、毎年労働英雄を表彰したが、43年延安で開かれた第1回労働英雄大会において農業労働模範の筆頭に選ばれたのが貧農の呉満有であった。彼は陝甘寧(せんかんねい)辺区で荒れ地を開墾し、労働を重んじ、合理的な経営で貧農から新式富農への可能性を示した。当時中国共産党は統一戦線の要請から、一時土地改革を停止して農業生産の発展に全力を注いでいた。こうしたなかで43年には『呉満有』という詩も生まれた。その後、呉満有は国民党軍に逮捕されたといわれるが、消息はさだかでない。

［山下龍三］

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