An earthquake with a magnitude of 8 or more. Previously , earthquakes of M7 or more were called large earthquakes, but earthquakes of M8 or more that occur around ocean trenches have been found to be directly related to plate movement (→ plate boundary earthquakes), and a distinction has been made. Earthquakes of M9 or more are called mega-earthquakes, and the moment magnitude ( Mw ), which is related to the size of the fault, is often used to express their size. Most mega-earthquakes that occur around Japan have fault lengths of 100 to 200 km, but some mega-earthquakes can reach 1000 km (→ epicenter). Since 1950, mega-earthquakes have occurred several times, including the 1960 Chile earthquake ( Mw9.5 ) and the 2004 Sumatra earthquake ( Mw9.0 ). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
マグニチュード(M)8規模以上の地震。従来 M7以上の地震を大地震と呼んでいたが,海溝周辺で発生する M8以上の地震はプレートの運動と直接に関連していることがわかり(→プレート境界地震),区別するようになった。また M9規模以上を超巨大地震といい,その大きさを表すには断層の規模に関係したモーメントマグニチュード(Mw)を用いることが多い。日本の周辺で起こる巨大地震は断層の長さが 100~200kmである場合が多いが,超巨大地震の場合 1000kmに達するものもある(→震源)。1950年以降,超巨大地震は 1960年のチリ地震(Mw9.5),2004年のスマトラ島沖地震(Mw9.0)など数回起こっている。
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