When an electric field is applied to an electrolyte solution, cations and anions move to the cathode and anode, respectively, causing a current to flow. The ratio of the amount of electricity carried by each of the anions and cations to the total amount of electricity carried by both ions is called the transport number of each ion. If the mobilities of the anions and cations (the speed of movement at a unit electric field strength) are u - and u + , respectively, the transport number of the cations is given by t + = u + /( u + + u - ), and the transport number of the anions is given by t - = u - /( u + + u - ). If the equivalent electrical conductivities of the anions and cations are λ + and λ - , respectively, the relationship is t + = λ + /(λ + + λ - ), and t - = λ - /(λ + + λ - ). The transport number was calculated by J. Hittorf from the change in concentration at the electrodes in the electrolyte solution after electrolysis, so it is also called the Hittorf number. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
電解質溶液に電場を加えると,陽イオン,陰イオンがそれぞれ陰極,および陽極に移動して電流が流れる。両イオンによって運ばれる全電気量のうち,陰,陽両イオンそれぞれによって運ばれる電気量の割合をそれぞれのイオンの輸率という。陰,陽両イオンの移動度 (単位の電場の強さにおける移動速度) をそれぞれ u-,u+ とすると,陽イオンの輸率は t+=u+/(u++u-) ,陰イオンの輸率は t-=u-/(u++u-) で与えられる。また陰,陽両イオンの当量電気伝導率をそれぞれ λ+,λ- とすると,t+=λ+/(λ++λ-),t-=λ-/(λ++λ-) の関係がある。輸率は J.ヒットルフが電解後の電解質溶液中の電極部の濃度変化から求めたのでヒットルフ数ともいう。
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