Generally speaking, not only the husband but also the woman in the position of wife in the home engages in social work. However, to this extent, in most farm families and small and medium-sized enterprises, women have been the dominant labor force since before the Second World War. In recent years, attention has been focused on the increase in dual-income households, with wives becoming wage laborers. In Japan, the number of employed women has increased significantly since the period of high economic growth. According to the Labor Force Survey by the Statistics Bureau of the Management and Coordination Agency (now the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications), in 1984, the number exceeded 15 million, almost double the 7.38 million in 1985. In 2000, the number increased further to over 27 million. The increase in employment of married women has been particularly remarkable, and since 1975, the number of married women has exceeded that of unmarried women. However, the vast majority of married women are employed in part-time work. The main reasons for the transformation of wives into wage laborers are, on the one hand, the demand for cheap labor by companies, and, on the other hand, the growing desire of working families to subsidize living expenses, repay loans for durable consumer goods and housing, make up for the rising cost of education, and to seek a life with meaning. [Yoshio Yuasa] "The Human Studies of Dual-Income Couples" by Saeko Saegusa (1980, TBS Britannica) [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般的には、夫のみならず、家庭内において妻の位置にある女性も社会的な労働に従事すること。しかし、この限りにおいては、第二次世界大戦前からほとんどの農民家族や小零細企業においては、女性が有力な労働力であった。近年、注目を浴びているのは、妻の賃労働者化による共働きの増加である。 わが国においては、高度成長期以来、女子雇用者は大幅に増加し続け、総務庁(現総務省)統計局の「労働力調査」によると、1984年(昭和59)には1500万人を突破し、60年の738万人に対してほぼ2倍に達している。2000年(平成12)になるとさらに増加して2700万人を超えた。とくに、有配偶女子の雇用の増大が著しく、75年以来、有配偶者の雇用が未婚者を上回るようになっている。しかし、既婚女性による雇用の圧倒的多数はパートタイムの形態にある。このような妻の賃労働者化は、一方で、企業の側が安価な労働力を求めたこと、他方、労働者家族の側でも、生活費の補助や耐久消費財や住宅などのローンの返済、教育費の高騰を埋め合わせるために、また生きがいある生活を求めて就労意欲が高まったことなどを主要な原因とするものであった。 [湯浅良雄] 『三枝佐枝子著『共働きの人間学』(1980・TBSブリタニカ)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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