A solar calendar. In 46 BC, Julius Caesar of ancient Rome, on the advice of the astronomer Sosigenes, established a solar calendar with 365.25 days in a year, 365 days in a calendar year, and a leap year of 366 days once every four years, following the Egyptian calendar, but following the Roman calendar in format. The Roman calendar was originally a lunar calendar that inserted leap months according to the time, but at the time there was a discrepancy of about three months with the seasons, so when Caesar reformed the calendar, he added two leap months in addition to the leap months that should have been added, and so for that year only the year was 445 days long, which is called a year of confusion. The first month of the Roman calendar was Martius, but Caesar made Januarius, the 11th month of the Roman calendar, the first month of the year, and placed the leap day in the second month, Februarius. He also changed Quintilis, the 5th month of the Roman calendar, to his own name, Julius. This calendar system was implemented in 45 BC, but after that, he made a mistake in the leap day, and added a leap day every three years from 42 BC to 9 BC, resulting in a three-day discrepancy. Caesar's successor, Augustus, did not add a leap day from 6 BC to 4 AD, but added a leap day every four years from 8 AD. He also renamed the eighth month, Sextilis, to Augustus, after his own name, and moved the 1st day from the second month to the eighth month, making it 31 days. As a result, there were three consecutive large months in the 7th, 8th, and 9th months, so the number of days from the 9th month to the 12th month was swapped. This is called the Julian calendar. [Toshio Watanabe] [References] | |©Shogakukan "> Major calendar systems in the world (Julian calendar, Roman calendar, etc.) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
太陽暦の一つ。古代ローマのユリウス・カエサルは、紀元前46年、天文学者ソシゲネスSosigenesの助言を得て、エジプト暦に倣って、1年の日数が365.25日、暦年365日、4年に1回366日の閏(うるう)年を置く太陽暦を制定したが、形式はローマ暦に従った。ローマ暦は元来、時に応じて閏月を挿入する太陰暦法であるが、当時、季節とのずれが約3か月あり、カエサルは改暦に際し、当然置くべき閏月のほか、2か月の閏月を置き、したがってこの年だけは1年が445日となり、これを攪乱の年(かくらんのとし)とよぶ。ローマ暦の年首の月はマルチウスMartiusであったが、カエサルはローマ暦第11月のヤヌアリウスJanuariusを年首の月とし、閏日は第2月のフェブラリウスFebruariusに置き、またローマ暦第5月のキンチリスQuintilisを自らの名ユリウスに改めたという。この暦法は前45年から施行されたが、その後、置閏(ちじゅん)を誤り、前42~前9年は3年ごとに閏日を置いたため3日の狂いを生じた。カエサルの後継者アウグストゥスは前6年から紀元4年まで閏日を置かず、8年から4年ごとに閏日を置いた。そして第8月セキスチリスSextilisを自らの名からアウグストと改めるとともに、第2月から1日を第8月に移して31日とした。このため、第7・8・9月と大月が3回続くこととなったので、第9月以降、12月までの日数を入れ換えたという。これをユリウス暦と称する。 [渡辺敏夫] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 世界のおもな暦法(ユリウス暦・ローマ暦… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Euryops daisy (English spelling)
This shrine is located on Omishima Island in the S...
…The Royal Naval College (founded in 1873) is in ...
〘Noun〙 An official not subject to the Imperial Law...
…Transcendentalism, transcendentalism. After the ...
…[Takemi Shimizu] [Aya Nitta]. … *Some of the ter...
A book on haiku poetry. Written by Tokumoto. Publi...
〘Noun〙① ("Katsu" means to chant) In Zen ...
…The English term traveller's tale literally ...
…The word 'hemocyte' means 'cell'...
He was an education official and educator during ...
Also called antonyms or opposite words. A pair of ...
...It is a small city located 150 km southwest of...
A marine fish of the family Ocellariidae in the or...
…This new interest was not limited to physics, bu...
(Terylen) Trade name of polyester synthetic fiber....