Yura River

A river that flows north from the Tanba Highlands in central Kyoto Prefecture and empties into the Sea of ​​Japan. It is a first-class river. It is 146 km long and has a drainage area of ​​1,880 square km. It originates at Mikuni-dake (776 m) on the border between Kyoto Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, and Fukui Prefecture, and flows from east to west through the Fukuchiyama Basin, collecting tributaries such as the Takaya River and the Kanbayashi River. At the western end of the basin, it joins the Haze River and the Maki River, turns north, and flows into the Sea of ​​Japan at Kunda Bay, which straddles Miyazu City and Maizuru City. Upstream from the Fukuchiyama Basin, four or five river terraces have developed. In the Fukuchiyama Basin, the riverbed slopes gently, creating an extensive floodplain, but the western edge of the basin is narrow and prone to flooding, so an 11-meter-high levee surrounds the area, and the Ohno Dam and Wachi Dam were built upstream to regulate floods. During the Edo period, water transportation was thriving, mainly between Fukuchiyama and the port of Yura at the mouth of the river, but this declined with the opening of the railway in 1904 (Meiji 37).

[Takeo Oda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

京都府中央部の丹波(たんば)高地から北流して日本海に注ぐ川。一級河川。延長146キロメートル、流域面積1880平方キロメートル。京都府と滋賀県、福井県境の三国(みくに)岳（776メートル）に源を発し、高屋(たかや)川、上林(かんばやし)川などの支流を集めて福知山盆地を東から西に貫流する。盆地の西端で土師(はぜ)川、牧(まき)川をあわせ、流路を北に転じて宮津(みやづ)市と舞鶴(まいづる)市にまたがる栗田(くんだ)湾で日本海に流入する。福知山盆地から上流は4、5段の河岸段丘が発達する。福知山盆地では河床勾配(こうばい)が緩やかとなって氾濫原(はんらんげん)が広がるが、盆地西端の部分は狭隘(きょうあい)のため洪水が発生しやすく、高さ11メートルの堤防を巡らし、上流には洪水調節用の大野ダム、和知ダムが築造されている。江戸時代には福知山と河口の由良港までを中心に水運が盛んであったが、1904年（明治37）の鉄道の開通で衰退した。

［織田武雄］

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