Sensitive material

Japanese: 感光材料 - かんこうざいりょう（英語表記）sensitive material

In a broad sense, it refers to various light-sensitive products such as photographic film, dry plates, photographic paper, cyanotypes, positive-sensitive paper, and wet plates for platemaking, while in a narrow sense, it refers to photographic film, dry plates, and photographic paper that use silver halide gelatin photographic emulsions. In the narrow sense, photosensitive materials are divided into negative materials such as negative film and dry plates, and positive materials such as positive film and photographic paper. There are also photosensitive materials used for special purposes such as color photography, X-rays, and photoengraving. Photosensitive materials in the broad sense include a wide variety of materials, such as polyvinyl cinnamate, which utilizes the property of cinnamic acid dimerizing when exposed to light; relief letterpress printing, which utilizes the photopolymerization of various vinyl monomers; alcohol-soluble nylon mixed with a photocrosslinking agent such as N , N' -methylenebisacrylamide; cyclized rubber mixed with an aromatic azide compound as a photocrosslinking agent and used in printing plate making, precision metal processing, transistors, printed wiring, and IC production; spiropyran-based substances that use photochromism, which causes coloring and decoloring when exposed to light; materials in which dyes are formed by light; selenium and zinc oxide used in electrophotography; and optical semiconductors such as polyvinylcarbazole.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

広義には写真フィルム，乾板，印画紙や青写真，陽画感光紙，製版用湿板など感光性をもった諸種の製品をさし，狭義にはハロゲン化銀ゼラチンの写真乳剤を用いた写真フィルム，乾板，印画紙をいう。狭義の感光材料は，ネガフィルムや乾板などのようなネガ材料と，ポジフィルムや印画紙のようなポジ材料に分けられる。その他カラー写真用，X線用，写真製版用などの特殊目的に使われる感光材料がある。広義の感光材料には，桂皮酸が光により二量化する性質を利用したポリ桂皮酸ビニルや各種ビニルモノマーの光重合を利用したレリーフ凸版，アルコール可溶性ナイロンに N，N′-メチレンビスアクリルアミドのような光架橋剤を混合したもの，環化ゴムに光架橋剤として芳香族アジド化合物を混合し，印刷製版や金属精密加工，トランジスタ，プリント配線，IC作製などに用いられるもの，スピロピラン系の物質のように光によって着色や消色をするホトクロミズムを利用したもの，光によって染料の形成されるもの，電子写真法に用いられるセレンや酸化亜鉛，ポリビニルカルバゾールのような光半導体など，多種多様なものがある。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Gangoji Temple

>>: Kankosai - Kankosai