A legendary ship on which the souls of those killed remain unscathed and drift on the sea. Harold, the new King of England, who was defeated and killed in the Battle of Hastings in England in 1066, dreamed of a ghost ship before the battle. At the same time, Comet Harry flew into the night sky. Both are bad omens. The Bayeux Tapestry, a large embroidered scroll (created in the late 11th century) that depicts the glory of William the Conqueror, who won the battle and established the Norman dynasty in England, features an unmanned ghost ship embroidered on the lower edge of the anxious new King Harold, and Comet Harry embroidered on the upper edge. This is probably the oldest record of a ghost ship being depicted. The ghost ship in the dream must have given a strong sense of reality as a sign of bad luck. Legends of ghost ships, which are said to be ships drifting with the souls of crew members who died for some reason, became popular in the late Middle Ages when long-distance trade by large ships began to flourish. Even large ships must have become deserted after losing all of their crew members due to changes in marine weather, poor navigation techniques, or organized pirate violence. Many of the ships considered ghost ships by other sailing ships were deserted ships. The legend of the "Flying Dutchman," in which a Dutch captain cursed for eternity continues to wander the seas, was originally a 17th-century legend about the Cape of Good Hope. What makes ghost ships different from ordinary ships is that they are accompanied by strange phenomena such as sailing against the wind and the ship's lights not being reflected on the water. In the work "Ghost Ship" by German author Hauff, a bloody corpse makes noise by raising its sails in the middle of the night, and returns to its original corpse at dawn. Any ship that passes by the ghost ship is wrecked. The ghost ship that had been sailing for 50 years was lifted from its curse by the prayers of a devout believer, and the corpses on board disappeared. Similar ghost ship legends exist in Islamic countries too. [Nobuo Iizuka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
殺された人の魂が救われないまま船中にとどまり、海上を漂流するという伝説上の船。1066年にイギリスのヘースティングズの戦いで敗死したイギリス新王ハロルドは、戦いの前に幽霊船の夢をみた。同じころ夜空にハリー彗星(すいせい)が飛んだ。ともに凶兆である。この戦いに勝ってイギリスにノルマン王朝を開いたウィリアム征服王の栄光を描いた「バイユー・タペストリー」という刺しゅう大絵巻(11世紀後半の制作)には、不安におののくハロルド新王の下の縁(ふち)には無人の幽霊船が、上の縁にはハリー彗星が刺しゅうされている。おそらく、幽霊船が描かれたものとしてはもっとも古い記録であろう。夢のなかの幽霊船は不吉のしるしとして強い実在感を与えたはずである。 なんらかの原因で命を絶たれた乗組員の魂がとどまったまま漂流を続けるという幽霊船の伝説は、大船による遠隔地貿易が栄えだした中世後期から盛んになる。大船といえども海洋気象の変化や運行技術の未熟、組織的な海賊の暴力などによって乗組員の全員を失った無人船となる例はけっして少なくなかったはずである。航行する船舶から幽霊船とみなされた船の多くはこうした無人船だった。永遠にのろわれたオランダの船長が海上をさすらい続ける「さまよえるオランダ人」伝説も、本来は喜望峰に関する17世紀のものであった。幽霊船が普通の船と違う点は、風に逆らって帆走するとか、船の灯が海面に映らないというような不思議な現象を伴っていることである。ドイツの作家ハウフの作品『幽霊船』では、血まみれの死体が夜中に帆を張って騒ぎだし、夜明けとともにもとの死体に返る。そしてその幽霊船とすれ違った船は難破する。50年間も走り続けてきた幽霊船が、信仰の厚い人の祈りによって呪(のろ)いを解かれ、船中の死体が消え去ってしまうというものである。こうした幽霊船伝説はイスラム教国にもある。 [飯塚信雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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