Vivekananda - Vivekananda (English spelling)

Japanese: ビベーカーナンダ - びべーかーなんだ(英語表記)Vivekānanda
Vivekananda - Vivekananda (English spelling)

A modern Indian religious thinker. His real name was Narendranāth Datta. He was born into a prestigious Kshatriya family in Calcutta (now Kolkata). He received a modern, Western education at a university in Calcutta, but in 1882 he met Ramakrishna and studied under him. After his teacher's death (1886), he worked to spread his teachings.

In 1893, he attended the World's Parliament of Religions held in Chicago, USA, as a representative of Hinduism from South India, where he was well received for advocating the unity of all religions. This marked the beginning of his worldwide missionary activities. In 1896, he founded the Vedanta Society in New York, USA, and the following year, in 1897, he founded the Ramakrishna Mission in India. From 1898 to 1900, he traveled throughout America and Europe to spread his teachings. He died in 1902, at the young age of 39, at a monastery in Belur near Calcutta, India.

His life's work was to spread among people the idea of ​​Advaita Vedanta philosophy, which Ramakrishna had acquired through his mystical experiences. He maintained that Advaita Vedanta would resolve the conflicts between religions. He also promoted the establishment of hospitals and educational activities, believing that service activities were the origin of religious training. His main work is "Karma Yoga."

[Yoshihiko Masuhara May 21, 2018]

[References] | Ramakrishna | Ramakrishna Mission

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

近代インドの宗教思想家。本名ナレーンドラナート・ダッタNarendranāth Datta。カルカッタ(現、コルカタ)のクシャトリヤの名門に生まれる。カルカッタの大学で近代的・西洋的教育を受けたが、1882年にラーマクリシュナと出会い、彼に師事した。師の死後(1886)は、その教えの布教に努めた。

 1893年、アメリカのシカゴで開催された世界宗教会議に、南インドのヒンドゥー教の代表者として出席、あらゆる宗教が帰一することを主張して好評を博した。これを機縁に彼の世界的な伝道活動が始まった。1896年には彼はアメリカのニューヨークにベーダーンタ協会を設立し、翌1897年にはインドにラーマクリシュナ・ミッションを創設した。1898年から1900年にかけてはアメリカおよびヨーロッパの各地を伝道のために遊歴した。1902年、39歳の若さでインドのカルカッタ付近のベルールの僧院で没した。

 彼の生涯の活動は、ラーマクリシュナが神秘体験によって獲得したベーダーンタ哲学の不二一元(ふにいちげん)論の思想を、人々の間に広めることであった。不二一元論によって諸宗教の対立が解消されるというのが彼の主張であった。また、奉仕の活動こそが宗教修行の原点であるとして、病院の設立や教育活動を推進した。主著に『カルマ・ヨーガ』がある。

[増原良彦 2018年5月21日]

[参照項目] | ラーマクリシュナ | ラーマクリシュナ・ミッション

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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