...The most influential of these was the "two-stage flow theory" by Lazarsfeld et al., based on a survey of the actual state of personal communication, which states that the mass media is first received by opinion leaders (first stage), where it is filtered, transformed, emphasized, counterargued, etc., and then transmitted to the surrounding group members (second stage), so the influence of the mass media is not directly exerted, but rather the personal influence that opinion leaders have in face-to-face groups is greater. In response to this, JT Klapper summarized the results of many experiments and social surveys and concluded that personal communication has a stronger effect of "changing" people's predispositions, while the mass media has a stronger effect of "reinforcing" predispositions. In the 1970s, there was a reflection that the theoretical trends of the 1960s had underestimated the influence of the mass media, and there was a movement to focus on the agenda-setting function of the mass media (it does not directly influence people's thoughts or attitudes, but it has the function of focusing people's attention and setting it as the agenda) and to reaffirm the importance of research on "use and gratification" from the receiver's perspective, that is, as long as the content is accepted, it satisfies some kind of desire of the receiver. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Klapper, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…なかでも有力だったのがパーソナル・コミュニケーションの実態調査をふまえたラザースフェルドらの〈2段階の流れ論〉で,マスコミはまずオピニオン・リーダーに受け止められ(第1段階),そこでろ過,変形,強調,反論付加などされてその周辺にいる集団メンバーに伝えられる(第2段階)ので,マスコミの影響力が直接に発揮されるというより,オピニオン・リーダーが対面集団face‐to‐face groupの中でもつ個人的影響personal influenceの方が大きい,とする理論である。これに対してクラッパーJ.T.Klapperは,多くの実験や社会調査の結果を総括して,人々の先有傾向predispositionを〈変化〉させる働きが強いのはパーソナル・コミュニケーションの方で,マスコミは先有傾向を〈強化〉する働きが強いという結論を引き出した。 1970年代に入ると,1960年代の理論傾向はマスコミの影響力を過小評価しすぎていたという反省が生じ,マスコミの議題設定agenda setting機能(人々の思想や態度を直接に左右するわけではないが,人々の関心の的を絞り,それを議題として設定する機能)に注目したり,どんな内容でも受容されている限り受け手のなんらかの欲求を満たしている,という受け手の側に立った〈利用と満足use and gratification〉研究の重要さを再確認したりする動きが出ている。… ※「Klapper,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
…diapositive (positive transparency) is a photogr...
In general, bureaucrats are considered to be noble...
...He then promulgated the Brezhnev Constitution ...
The last geological period of the Mesozoic Era, w...
The capital of the Democratic Republic of the Con...
…The distribution of bacteria in the intestines i...
...It is accompanied only by basso continuo and l...
The capital of the state of Santa Catarina in sout...
This is a special library that preserves and mana...
…The name spirochete originated in 1838 when C.E....
A biennial plant of the Caryophyllaceae family (A...
A type of ritual song that was popular in the lat...
A city in the southwest of Miyazaki Prefecture. It...
A type of radio wave transmission line. It is a li...
...The stars in this cluster were born tens of mi...